Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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CNT Interconnects • Carbon nanotubes – CNTs – are sheets of graphite rolled into cylinders of diameters varying from 0.6 to about 3 nm • Demonstrate either metallic or semiconducting properties • depending on direction in which they are rolled • CNTs are promising candidates as on-chip interconnects • high mechanical and thermal stability • high thermal conductivity • large current carrying capacity • highly resistant to electromigration and other sources of breakdown • much better conductivity properties than Cu • due to longer electron mean free path (MFP) lengths in the micrometer range, compared to nanometer range MFP lengths for Cu
CNT Interconnects • It is predicted that isolated CNTs can replace Cu at the local interconnect level • because of their much lower lateral capacitance which improves latency for very short distances • However, for longer on-chip interconnections a bundle of CNTs conducting current in parallel are more suitable • because of high intrinsic resistance of an isolated CNT (> 6.45 KΩ) • A bundle of CNTs consists of • metallic nanotubes that contribute to current conduction • semiconducting nanotubes that do not contribute to current conduction in an interconnect • CNTs broadly classified into • SWCNT: isolated (single walled) CNT • MWCNT: multi-walled CNT, made up of concentric SWCNTS
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Special Course in Computer Science:
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Network-on-Chip (NoC) Why NoC OCP S
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From simpler to more complex chips
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Problems to solve • Cores that pe
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Some driving forces • Technical I
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NoC illustration
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OCP standard for on-chip communicat
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OCP Characteristics • IP Core •
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Flexibility of OCP • Several usef
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: Addr
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: In-b
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: Side
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Introduction • Network-on-chip (N
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Introduction • ISO/OSI network pr
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NoC Topology • Most direct networ
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NoC Topology • Folding torus topo
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NoC Topology • Indirect Topologie
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NoC Topology • (m, n, r) symmetri
Page 38 and 39: NoC Topology • Irregular or ad ho
Page 40 and 41: Switching strategies • Two main m
Page 42 and 43: Switching strategies • Allocating
Page 44 and 45: Switching strategies • VCT (virtu
Page 46 and 47: Routing algorithms • Static and d
Page 48 and 49: Routing algorithms • Minimal and
Page 50 and 51: Routing algorithms • Routing algo
Page 52 and 53: ACK/NACK flow control scheme • wh
Page 54 and 55: Clocking schemes • Fully synchron
Page 56 and 57: NoC Architectures examples
Page 58 and 59: HERMES • Developed at the Faculda
Page 60 and 61: Nostrum • Developed at KTH in Sto
Page 62 and 63: QNoC • Developed at Technion in I
Page 64 and 65: SPIN • Scalable programmable inte
Page 66 and 67: Emerging NoC paradigms Overall goal
Page 68 and 69: Novel Interconnect Paradigms for Mu
Page 70 and 71: Motivation • Increasingly harder
Page 72 and 73: Emerging Alternatives • Optical I
Page 74 and 75: Optical Interconnects • Board-to-
Page 76 and 77: Optical Interconnects • Waveguide
Page 78 and 79: Optical Interconnects • OIs have
Page 80 and 81: Optical Interconnects: Open Problem
Page 82 and 83: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Micro
Page 84 and 85: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Paths
Page 86 and 87: RF/Wireless Interconnects: Open Pro
Page 90 and 91: Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
Page 94 and 95: Conceptual transmitter and receiver
Page 98 and 99: 3D and NoCs • 3D stacking technol
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Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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