Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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RF/Wireless Interconnects: Open Problems • Packaging and interference issues • metal structures near antennas can change input impedances and phase of received signals • interference effects between the transmitted/received signal and switching noise of nearby circuits • Ultra-high frequency requirements • for antenna sizes to be feasible for on-chip fabrication, RF circuits must operate in the ultra-high frequency domain (i.e., ~100 GHz range) • unsuitable for applications in the very near future • may be feasible in 5 years if scaling trends continue • Power overhead • each transceiver has its own dedicated RF and CDR circuits • heavy circuit overhead as well as large power consumption
RF/Wireless Interconnects: Open Problems • On-chip antennas • lots of research on fabricating antennas on lossless or lower loss substrates such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), quartz, duroid, and GaAs in the millimeter wave range • Not sufficient research in the area of fabricating antennas on silicon substrate • much more lossy than other types of substrates • reduces the antenna efficiency, requiring possibly greater power • Reference crystal oscillator • required for FDMA • cannot be easily implemented on-chip - has a large size • Security • RF/wireless interconnects may be susceptible to hackers
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Special Course in Computer Science:
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Network-on-Chip (NoC) Why NoC OCP S
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From simpler to more complex chips
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Problems to solve • Cores that pe
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Some driving forces • Technical I
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NoC illustration
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OCP standard for on-chip communicat
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OCP Characteristics • IP Core •
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Flexibility of OCP • Several usef
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: Addr
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: In-b
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: Side
Page 26 and 27:
Introduction • Network-on-chip (N
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Introduction • ISO/OSI network pr
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NoC Topology • Most direct networ
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NoC Topology • Folding torus topo
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NoC Topology • Indirect Topologie
Page 36 and 37: NoC Topology • (m, n, r) symmetri
Page 38 and 39: NoC Topology • Irregular or ad ho
Page 40 and 41: Switching strategies • Two main m
Page 42 and 43: Switching strategies • Allocating
Page 44 and 45: Switching strategies • VCT (virtu
Page 46 and 47: Routing algorithms • Static and d
Page 48 and 49: Routing algorithms • Minimal and
Page 50 and 51: Routing algorithms • Routing algo
Page 52 and 53: ACK/NACK flow control scheme • wh
Page 54 and 55: Clocking schemes • Fully synchron
Page 56 and 57: NoC Architectures examples
Page 58 and 59: HERMES • Developed at the Faculda
Page 60 and 61: Nostrum • Developed at KTH in Sto
Page 62 and 63: QNoC • Developed at Technion in I
Page 64 and 65: SPIN • Scalable programmable inte
Page 66 and 67: Emerging NoC paradigms Overall goal
Page 68 and 69: Novel Interconnect Paradigms for Mu
Page 70 and 71: Motivation • Increasingly harder
Page 72 and 73: Emerging Alternatives • Optical I
Page 74 and 75: Optical Interconnects • Board-to-
Page 76 and 77: Optical Interconnects • Waveguide
Page 78 and 79: Optical Interconnects • OIs have
Page 80 and 81: Optical Interconnects: Open Problem
Page 82 and 83: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Micro
Page 84 and 85: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Paths
Page 88 and 89: CNT Interconnects • Carbon nanotu
Page 90 and 91: Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
Page 94 and 95: Conceptual transmitter and receiver
Page 98 and 99: 3D and NoCs • 3D stacking technol
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Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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