Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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Optical Interconnects: Open Problems • Efficient transmitter and receiver components • high speed, low power, and small feature-size electro-optical modulators and photo-detector receivers need to be developed • Integrated on-chip light source • such as the Indium Phosphide Hybrid Silicon Laser from Intel and UCSB [2008] • Polymer waveguide • prohibitive manufacturing cost and complexity • require suitable modulators • Temperature management • OIs sensitive to temperature variations • active or passive optical control method required to maintain stable device operation
RF/Wireless Interconnects • Replace on-chip wires with integrated on-chip antennas communicating via electromagnetic waves • Data is converted from baseband (i.e., digital) to RF/microwave signals and transmitted through free space or guided mediums • Free space signal broadcasting and reception is a common practice in modern wireless systems • due to low cost implementation and excellent channeling capabilities • However, free space transmission and reception of RF/microwave signals requires an antenna size that is comparable to its wavelength • even at near 100 GHz operating and cut-off frequencies in the future the aperture size of the antenna = 1 mm 2 which is too large
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Special Course in Computer Science:
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Network-on-Chip (NoC) Why NoC OCP S
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From simpler to more complex chips
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Problems to solve • Cores that pe
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Some driving forces • Technical I
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NoC illustration
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OCP standard for on-chip communicat
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OCP Characteristics • IP Core •
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Flexibility of OCP • Several usef
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: Addr
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: In-b
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Some fundamental OCP concepts: Side
Page 26 and 27:
Introduction • Network-on-chip (N
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Introduction • ISO/OSI network pr
Page 30 and 31: NoC Topology • Most direct networ
Page 32 and 33: NoC Topology • Folding torus topo
Page 34 and 35: NoC Topology • Indirect Topologie
Page 36 and 37: NoC Topology • (m, n, r) symmetri
Page 38 and 39: NoC Topology • Irregular or ad ho
Page 40 and 41: Switching strategies • Two main m
Page 42 and 43: Switching strategies • Allocating
Page 44 and 45: Switching strategies • VCT (virtu
Page 46 and 47: Routing algorithms • Static and d
Page 48 and 49: Routing algorithms • Minimal and
Page 50 and 51: Routing algorithms • Routing algo
Page 52 and 53: ACK/NACK flow control scheme • wh
Page 54 and 55: Clocking schemes • Fully synchron
Page 56 and 57: NoC Architectures examples
Page 58 and 59: HERMES • Developed at the Faculda
Page 60 and 61: Nostrum • Developed at KTH in Sto
Page 62 and 63: QNoC • Developed at Technion in I
Page 64 and 65: SPIN • Scalable programmable inte
Page 66 and 67: Emerging NoC paradigms Overall goal
Page 68 and 69: Novel Interconnect Paradigms for Mu
Page 70 and 71: Motivation • Increasingly harder
Page 72 and 73: Emerging Alternatives • Optical I
Page 74 and 75: Optical Interconnects • Board-to-
Page 76 and 77: Optical Interconnects • Waveguide
Page 78 and 79: Optical Interconnects • OIs have
Page 82 and 83: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Micro
Page 84 and 85: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Paths
Page 86 and 87: RF/Wireless Interconnects: Open Pro
Page 88 and 89: CNT Interconnects • Carbon nanotu
Page 90 and 91: Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
Page 94 and 95: Conceptual transmitter and receiver
Page 98 and 99: 3D and NoCs • 3D stacking technol
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Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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