Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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Switching strategies • Two main modes of transporting flits in a NoC are circuit switching and packet switching • Circuit switching • physical path between the source and the destination is reserved prior to the transmission of data • message header flit traverses the network from the source to the destination, reserving links along the way • Advantage: low latency transfers, once path is reserved • Disadvantage: pure circuit switching does not scale well with NoC size • several links are occupied for the duration of the transmitted data, even when no data is being transmitted • for instance in the setup and tear down phases
Switching strategies • Virtual circuit switching • creates virtual circuits that are multiplexed on links • number of virtual links (or virtual channels (VCs)) that can be supported by a physical link depends on buffers allocated to link • Possible to allocate either one buffer per virtual link or one buffer per physical link • Allocating one buffer per virtual link • depends on how virtual circuits are spatially distributed in the NoC, routers can have a different number of buffers • can be expensive due to the large number of shared buffers • multiplexing virtual circuits on a single link also requires scheduling at each router and link (end-to-end schedule) • conflicts between different schedules can make it difficult to achieve bandwidth and latency guarantees
Page 1 and 2: Special Course in Computer Science:
Page 3 and 4: Network-on-Chip (NoC) Why NoC OCP S
Page 5 and 6: From simpler to more complex chips
Page 7 and 8: Problems to solve • Cores that pe
Page 9 and 10: Some driving forces • Technical I
Page 11: NoC illustration
Page 14 and 15: OCP standard for on-chip communicat
Page 16 and 17: OCP Characteristics • IP Core •
Page 18 and 19: Flexibility of OCP • Several usef
Page 20 and 21: Some fundamental OCP concepts: Addr
Page 22 and 23: Some fundamental OCP concepts: In-b
Page 24 and 25: Some fundamental OCP concepts: Side
Page 26 and 27: Introduction • Network-on-chip (N
Page 28 and 29: Introduction • ISO/OSI network pr
Page 30 and 31: NoC Topology • Most direct networ
Page 32 and 33: NoC Topology • Folding torus topo
Page 34 and 35: NoC Topology • Indirect Topologie
Page 36 and 37: NoC Topology • (m, n, r) symmetri
Page 38 and 39: NoC Topology • Irregular or ad ho
Page 42 and 43: Switching strategies • Allocating
Page 44 and 45: Switching strategies • VCT (virtu
Page 46 and 47: Routing algorithms • Static and d
Page 48 and 49: Routing algorithms • Minimal and
Page 50 and 51: Routing algorithms • Routing algo
Page 52 and 53: ACK/NACK flow control scheme • wh
Page 54 and 55: Clocking schemes • Fully synchron
Page 56 and 57: NoC Architectures examples
Page 58 and 59: HERMES • Developed at the Faculda
Page 60 and 61: Nostrum • Developed at KTH in Sto
Page 62 and 63: QNoC • Developed at Technion in I
Page 64 and 65: SPIN • Scalable programmable inte
Page 66 and 67: Emerging NoC paradigms Overall goal
Page 68 and 69: Novel Interconnect Paradigms for Mu
Page 70 and 71: Motivation • Increasingly harder
Page 72 and 73: Emerging Alternatives • Optical I
Page 74 and 75: Optical Interconnects • Board-to-
Page 76 and 77: Optical Interconnects • Waveguide
Page 78 and 79: Optical Interconnects • OIs have
Page 80 and 81: Optical Interconnects: Open Problem
Page 82 and 83: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Micro
Page 84 and 85: RF/Wireless Interconnects • Paths
Page 86 and 87: RF/Wireless Interconnects: Open Pro
Page 88 and 89: CNT Interconnects • Carbon nanotu
Page 90 and 91:
Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
Page 94 and 95:
Conceptual transmitter and receiver
Page 98 and 99:
3D and NoCs • 3D stacking technol
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Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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