genomewide characterization of host-pathogen interactions by ...
genomewide characterization of host-pathogen interactions by ... genomewide characterization of host-pathogen interactions by ...
log cfu/g liver Maren Depke Results Liver Gene Expression Pattern in a Mouse Psychological Stress Model Reduced antibacterial response in the liver after chronic stress exposure [Cornelia Kiank] Kiank et al. already showed that chronic psychological stress increased the bacterial spreading after experimental infection with the extracellular pathogen E. coli ATCC 25922 (Kiank et al. 2006). To elucidate whether altered hepatic immune responsiveness of chronically stressed animals also alters the antibacterial response to intracellular microbes, BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally challenged with 150 cfu Salmonella typhimurium. Salmonella infection could not be restricted at 48 and 72 h after infection when mice were exposed to nine stress sessions prior to the bacterial challenge (Fig. R.1.9). This shows that although immune effector cells infiltrated the liver of chronically stressed mice, immune suppression dominated, which resulted in an insufficient protection against infections. 6 ** *** *** *** 5 Fig. R.1.9 Bacterial load of livers after infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Colony forming units (cfu) in the liver of chronically stressed (black box plots) and non-stressed mice (white box plots) 48 and 72 h after intraperitoneal infection with 150 cfu of S. typhimurium wt 12023 are displayed. (n = 9 mice/group, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 by Mann-Whitney U-test, data representative for two independent experiments). 4 3 48 h 72 h 74
infection rate cfu / 10 mg tissue cfu / 10 mg tissue Maren Depke Results KIDNEY GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN IN AN IN VIVO INFECTION MODEL Infection rate in kidney samples The two Staphylococcus aureus strains RN1HG and RN1HG ΔsigB were used to infect mice with an almost equal infection dose for both strains. It was known from other genetic backgrounds that virulence and bacterial load are often similar for sigB deletion mutants and their parental strain. Nevertheless, individual mice might still display differences. Therefore, the infection rate of each sample was tested on molecular basis to identify potentially existing outlier samples of divergent bacterial load. Infection rates of individual mice kidney samples were comparable in range, mean, and median in the biological replicates (BR) samples as well used as in for samples 10 arrays_Exp of infection Feb 09with the two different strains (Fig. R.2.1). The infection rate of samples and infected exp. Apr 2009 with S. aureus RN1HG ranged from 4.3E+05 cfu/10 mg tissue to 2.2E+06 cfu/10 mg tissue (mean: 1.1E+06; median: 9.2E+05) and of those infected with RN1HG ΔsigB from 4.7E+05 cfu/10 mg tissue to 2.3E+06 cfu/10 mg tissue Infection rate cfu / 10 mg tissue (mean: 1.0E+06; median: 8.6E+05) in both biological [experiments replicates. february and april 2009] 3.0E+06 3.010 6 Fig. R.2.1: Infection rate in kidney samples of mice infected with S. aureus RN1HG and RN1HG ΔsigB. The infection rate of each sample was determined in a qPCR approach in comparison to data from a mixture of non-infected kidney tissue and in vitro cultivated staphylococcal cells. The line indicates the mean of infection rate for each biological replicate. BR – biological replicate. 2.0E+06 2.010 6 1.0E+06 1.010 6 infection with RN1HG first biological replicate BR1 wt (2 kidneys)_Feb09 NMRI infection infected with with infection RN1HGwith RN1HG ΔsigB RN1HG first biological second biological replicate BR1 replicate BR2 delta sigB (2 kidneys)_Feb09 wt (2 kidneys)_Apr09 infection with RN1HG ΔsigB second biological replicate BR2 delta sigB (2 kidneys)_Feb09 Reproducibility of replicates and clustering of Exp. treatment Feb. 09; group members Exp. Apr. 09; used for array analysis (4/7; 5/8) used for array analysis (5/8; 5/8) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for a first general impression of the array data set. This method calculates the direction of strongest variation from the multidimensional array data set, and reduces it to a new value of the parameter called Principle Component (PC). The remaining variation in the data set is subsequently addressed in the same way until all or a pre-defined fraction of variation is collapsed into new values. This procedure results in a set of PCs, each of which accounts for a fraction of the total variance in the data set. Usually, the first 2 or 3 PCs are displayed in a 2- or 3- dimensional plot, respectively. In such a plot, the distance of the points that represent the individual data sets correlates to the difference between them. 75
- Page 23 and 24: Maren Depke Introduction contains a
- Page 25 and 26: Maren Depke Introduction via fibron
- Page 27 and 28: Maren Depke Introduction cathelicid
- Page 29 and 30: Maren Depke Introduction shock are
- Page 31 and 32: Maren Depke Introduction STUDIES OF
- Page 33 and 34: Maren Depke Introduction are effect
- Page 35 and 36: Maren Depke Introduction cell stimu
- Page 37 and 38: Maren Depke Introduction channel CF
- Page 39 and 40: Maren Depke M A T E R I A L A N D M
- Page 41: Maren Depke Material and Methods Li
- Page 44 and 45: Maren Depke Material and Methods Ki
- Page 47 and 48: Maren Depke Material and Methods GE
- Page 49: Maren Depke Material and Methods Ge
- Page 52 and 53: Maren Depke Material and Methods Ho
- Page 54 and 55: Maren Depke Material and Methods Ho
- Page 56 and 57: Maren Depke Material and Methods Pa
- Page 58 and 59: Maren Depke Material and Methods Pa
- Page 60 and 61: Maren Depke Material and Methods Pa
- Page 63 and 64: corticosterone [pg/ml plasma] corti
- Page 65 and 66: Maren Depke Results Liver Gene Expr
- Page 67 and 68: lood glucose levels [nmol/l] resist
- Page 69 and 70: LBP [ng/ml] CPR [ng/ml] Maren Depke
- Page 71 and 72: Maren Depke Results Liver Gene Expr
- Page 73: liver weight [g] Maren Depke Result
- Page 77 and 78: Maren Depke Results Kidney Gene Exp
- Page 79 and 80: Table R.2.1: Genes displaying stati
- Page 81 and 82: Maren Depke BR1 sign DsigB vs wt BR
- Page 83 and 84: Maren Depke Results Kidney Gene Exp
- Page 85 and 86: Maren Depke Results Kidney Gene Exp
- Page 87 and 88: Maren Depke Results Kidney Gene Exp
- Page 89 and 90: Maren Depke Results Kidney Gene Exp
- Page 91 and 92: Maren Depke Results GENE EXPRESSION
- Page 93 and 94: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 95 and 96: log2(ratio C57BL/6 / BALB/c) at IFN
- Page 97 and 98: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 99 and 100: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 101 and 102: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 103 and 104: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 105 and 106: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 107 and 108: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 109: Maren Depke Results Gene Expression
- Page 112 and 113: Maren Depke Results Host Cell Gene
- Page 114 and 115: Maren Depke Results Host Cell Gene
- Page 116 and 117: Maren Depke Results Host Cell Gene
- Page 118 and 119: Maren Depke Results Host Cell Gene
- Page 120 and 121: Maren Depke Results Host Cell Gene
- Page 122 and 123: Maren Depke Results Host Cell Gene
infection rate<br />
cfu / 10 mg tissue<br />
cfu / 10 mg tissue<br />
Maren Depke<br />
Results<br />
KIDNEY GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN IN AN<br />
IN VIVO INFECTION MODEL<br />
Infection rate in kidney samples<br />
The two Staphylococcus aureus strains RN1HG and RN1HG ΔsigB were used to infect mice<br />
with an almost equal infection dose for both strains. It was known from other genetic<br />
backgrounds that virulence and bacterial load are <strong>of</strong>ten similar for sigB deletion mutants and<br />
their parental strain. Nevertheless, individual mice might still display differences. Therefore, the<br />
infection rate <strong>of</strong> each sample was tested on molecular basis to identify potentially existing outlier<br />
samples <strong>of</strong> divergent bacterial load.<br />
Infection rates <strong>of</strong> individual mice kidney samples were comparable in range, mean, and<br />
median in the biological replicates (BR) samples as well used as in for samples 10 arrays_Exp <strong>of</strong> infection Feb 09with the two different<br />
strains (Fig. R.2.1). The infection rate <strong>of</strong> samples and infected exp. Apr 2009 with S. aureus RN1HG ranged from<br />
4.3E+05 cfu/10 mg tissue to 2.2E+06 cfu/10 mg tissue (mean: 1.1E+06; median: 9.2E+05) and <strong>of</strong><br />
those infected with RN1HG ΔsigB from 4.7E+05 cfu/10 mg tissue to 2.3E+06 cfu/10 mg tissue<br />
Infection rate cfu / 10 mg tissue<br />
(mean: 1.0E+06; median: 8.6E+05) in both biological [experiments replicates. february and april 2009]<br />
3.0E+06 3.010 6<br />
Fig. R.2.1:<br />
Infection rate in kidney samples <strong>of</strong><br />
mice infected with S. aureus RN1HG<br />
and RN1HG ΔsigB.<br />
The infection rate <strong>of</strong> each sample was<br />
determined in a qPCR approach in<br />
comparison to data from a mixture <strong>of</strong><br />
non-infected kidney tissue and in vitro<br />
cultivated staphylococcal cells. The<br />
line indicates the mean <strong>of</strong> infection<br />
rate for each biological replicate.<br />
BR – biological replicate.<br />
2.0E+06 2.010 6<br />
1.0E+06 1.010 6<br />
infection with<br />
RN1HG<br />
first biological<br />
replicate BR1<br />
wt (2 kidneys)_Feb09<br />
NMRI infection infected with with infection RN1HGwith<br />
RN1HG ΔsigB RN1HG<br />
first biological second biological<br />
replicate BR1 replicate BR2<br />
delta sigB (2 kidneys)_Feb09<br />
wt (2 kidneys)_Apr09<br />
infection with<br />
RN1HG ΔsigB<br />
second biological<br />
replicate BR2<br />
delta sigB (2 kidneys)_Feb09<br />
Reproducibility <strong>of</strong> replicates and clustering <strong>of</strong> Exp. treatment Feb. 09; group members Exp. Apr. 09;<br />
used for array analysis (4/7; 5/8) used for array analysis (5/8; 5/8)<br />
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for a first general impression <strong>of</strong> the array<br />
data set. This method calculates the direction <strong>of</strong> strongest variation from the multidimensional<br />
array data set, and reduces it to a new value <strong>of</strong> the parameter called Principle Component (PC).<br />
The remaining variation in the data set is subsequently addressed in the same way until all or a<br />
pre-defined fraction <strong>of</strong> variation is collapsed into new values. This procedure results in a set <strong>of</strong><br />
PCs, each <strong>of</strong> which accounts for a fraction <strong>of</strong> the total variance in the data set. Usually, the first 2<br />
or 3 PCs are displayed in a 2- or 3- dimensional plot, respectively. In such a plot, the distance <strong>of</strong><br />
the points that represent the individual data sets correlates to the difference between them.<br />
75