88 CHAPITRE 4. ETUDES DE PROCESSUS OCÉANOGRAPHIQUES 0.006 A. Wirth / Ocean Mo<strong>de</strong>lling 9 (2005) 71–87 85 U (m/s) 0.004 0.002 0 8 16 32 64 128 256 256 long 512 -0.002 -0.004 850 900 950 1000 Depth (m) Fig. 9. Horizontal velocity along x ¼ 250 m near the lower boundary. Symbols correspond to the different spatial resolution (as given in the figure). tel-00545911, version 1 - 13 Dec 2010 W (m/s) 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 -0.001 -0.002 850 900 950 1000 Depth (m) Fig. 10. Vertical velocity along x ¼ 500 m near the lower boundary. Symbols correspond to the different spatial resolution (as given in the figure). No spectral convergence is observed in this test-case. This comes at no surprise as the dynamics even in the interior of the domain is compl<strong>et</strong>ely slaved to the dynamics at the boundaries and thus shows the corresponding convergence properties. It is in<strong>de</strong>ed clearly visible from Fig. 7 that no structures smaller than the basin scale appear in the problem. A problem involving scales smaller than those imposed by the boundaries would cease to be stationary and the here presented analysis could not be performed. With the insight obtained from boundary-layer theory, the velocity components in the buffer zone can be adjusted so that the real dynamics at the boundary is mo<strong>de</strong>led to higher or<strong>de</strong>r. The convergence properties of the dynamics in the interior fluid would then follow. This is the subject of future research. 8 16 32 64 128 256 256 long 512
4.3. A NON-HYDROSTATIC FLAT-BOTTOM OCEAN MODEL ENTIRELY BASE ON FOURIER EX 86 A. Wirth / Ocean Mo<strong>de</strong>lling 9 (2005) 71–87 LOG(error) -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 Gibbs at bottom u-comp. min. val. u-comp. top u-comp. bottom w-comp. min. val. w-comp top w-comp. -12 2 3 4 5 6 LOG(n) Fig. 11. Log–log plot of the error for different variables: amplitu<strong>de</strong> of the Gibbs oscillation in the horizontal velocity component along x ¼ 250 m at the lower boundary (circles), minimum value of the horizontal velocity component along x ¼ 250 m (squares), horizontal velocity component at x ¼ 250 m, y ¼ 125 m (diamonds), vertical velocity component at x ¼ 500 m, y ¼ 875 m (upward triangles), minimum value of the vertical velocity component along x ¼ 250 m (leftward triangles) vertical velocity component at x ¼ 500 m, y ¼ 175 m (downward triangles). tel-00545911, version 1 - 13 Dec 2010 References Chorin, J.A., 1968. Numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Math. Comput. 22, 745–762. Davies, A.M., Lawrence, J., 1994. Examining the influence of wind and wind wave turbulence on tidal currents, using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic mo<strong>de</strong>l including wave current interaction. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 24, 2441–2460. Goldstein, D., Handler, R., Sirovich, L., 1993. Mo<strong>de</strong>ling a no-slip flow boundary with an external force field. J. Comp. Phys. 105, 354–366. Gottlieb, D., Orszag, S., 1977. Numerical Analysis of Spectral M<strong>et</strong>hods: Theory and Applications. SIAM, Phila<strong>de</strong>lphia. Iaccarino, G., Verzicco, R., 2003. Immersed boundary technique for LES/RANS simulations. Applied Mech. Rev., ASME, in press. John, F., 1991. Partial Differential Equations, fourth ed. Springer-Verlag, New York. Jones, H., Marshall, J., 1993. Convection with rotation in a neutral ocean: a study of open-ocean <strong>de</strong>ep convection. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 23, 1009–1039. Julien, K., Legg, S., McWilliams, J., Werne, J., 1996. Rapidly rotating Rayleigh–Benard convection. J. Fluid Mech. 322, 243–273. Lamb, K.G., 1994. Numerical experiments of internal wave generation by strong tidal flow across a finite amplitu<strong>de</strong> bank edge. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 843–864. Marshall, J., Hill, C., Perelman, L., Adcroft, A., 1997. Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean mo<strong>de</strong>ling. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 5733–5752. Maxworthy, T., Narimousa, S., 1994. Unsteady, turbulent convection into a homogeneous, rotating fluid, with oceanographic applications. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 24, 865–887. Mohd-Yosuf, J., 1997. Combined immersed boundary/B-spline m<strong>et</strong>hods for simulation in complex geom<strong>et</strong>ries. Annual Research Briefs, Center for Turbulence Research, pp. 317–328. Padilla-Barbosa, J., M<strong>et</strong>ais, O., 2000. Large-eddy simulations of <strong>de</strong>ep-ocean convection: analysis of the vorticity dynamics. J. Turbul., 1009. Peskin, C.S., 1977. Flow patterns around heart valves: a numerical m<strong>et</strong>hod. J. Comp. Phys. 25, 220–252. Peyr<strong>et</strong>, R., 2002. Spectral M<strong>et</strong>hods with Application to Incompressible Viscous Flow. Springer-Verlag, New York. 432 pp. Schlichting, H., 1968. Boundary-Layer Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York. 817 pp.
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Table des matières I Etudes de pro
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Chapitre 2 Comprendre la dynamique
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2.3. HIÉRARCHIE DE TYPES DE MODÈL
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2.3. HIÉRARCHIE DE TYPES DE MODÈL
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2.5. MA RECHERCHE DANS LE CONTEXTE
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Chapitre 3 Dynamique océanique et
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3.1. LA CIRCULATION OCÉANIQUE À G
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Bibliographie tel-00545911, version
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33 Curriculum Vitae du Dr. Achim WI
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35 tel-00545911, version 1 - 13 Dec
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181 Chapter 2 Observing the Ocean t
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183 Chapter 3 Physical properties o
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185 3.3. θ-S DIAGRAMS 11 3.3 θ-S
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189 3.7. CONSERVATIVE PROPERTIES 15
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191 Chapter 4 Surface fluxes, the f
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193 4.2. FRESH WATER FLUX 19 water.
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195 Chapter 5 Dynamics of the Ocean
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197 5.2. THE LINEARIZED ONE DIMENSI
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199 5.4. TWO DIMENSIONAL STATIONARY
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201 5.6. THE CORIOLIS FORCE 27 Whic
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203 5.8. GEOSTROPHIC EQUILIBRIUM 29
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205 5.10. LINEAR POTENTIAL VORTICIT
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207 5.13. A FEW WORDS ABOUT WAVES 3
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209 Chapter 6 Gyre Circulation tel-
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211 6.1. SVERDRUP DYNAMICS IN THE S
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213 6.2. THE EKMAN LAYER 39 In the
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215 6.3. SVERDRUP DYNAMICS IN THE S
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217 Chapter 7 Multi-Layer Ocean dyn
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219 7.3. GEOSTROPHY IN A MULTI-LAYE
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221 7.5. EDDIES, BAROCLINIC INSTABI
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223 Chapter 8 Equatorial Dynamics t
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225 Chapter 9 Abyssal and Overturni
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227 9.2. MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA OF THE
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229 9.3. WHAT DRIVES THE THERMOHALI
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231 Chapter 10 Penetration of Surfa
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233 10.2. TURBULENT TRANSPORT 59 If
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235 10.5. ENTRAINMENT 61 instabilit
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237 Chapter 11 Solution of Exercise
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239 65 Exercise 32: The moment of i
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241 INDEX 67 Transport stream-funct
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Annexe A Attestation de reussite au
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Annexe B Rapports du jury et des ra
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251 utilisés avec pertinence. Sur
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