Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...

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Experimental and numerical laminar syngas combustion Pi = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K, φ=0.6 Time (ms) 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 Time (ms) 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 P i = 1.0 bar, T i = 293 K, φ=0.8 Time (ms) 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 Radius (mm) 6.5 7.2 8.0 8.8 9.6 10.3 11.07 11.9 12.6 13.5 14.3 tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 15.0 15.7 16.4 17.3 18.1 18.8 19.5 20.3 P i = 1.0 bar, T i = 293 K, φ=1.0 Time (ms) 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 Radius (mm) 6.5 7.2 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.4 11.2 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.6 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 15.3 16.2 17.1 18.0 19.0 20.0 Figure 4.5 - Schlieren images of fluidized bed syngas-air mixture flames at 1.0 bar. 1.2 1.20 Sn(m/s) 1.0 0.8 0.6 Sn P 1.15 1.10 1.05 Pressure (bar) 0.4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Radius (mm) 1.00 Figure 4.6 - Flame speed and pressure versus radius for stoichiometric fluidized bed syngas-air mixture at 1.0 bar. 92
Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 shows schlieren flame images of fluidized bed syngas-air mixture. Rich mixture (φ=1.2) is not shown due to unsuccessful ignition. For the lean mixture with φ=0.6, the flame speed is remarkably slow being gravity effect felt making the flame to propagate to the bottom of the combustion chamber. Also in this case, stoichiometric mixture is the faster one. The low flame speed of this syngas composition is highlighted in the figure 4.6, in which the pressure rise is also lower than its homologous, 0.01 bar. In opposite, the radius to work out could be extended to 20 mm due to no significant pressure rise keeping the flame a spherical pattern. However, due to coherency the radius range to burning velocity determination was kept between 6-18 mm. tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 Figures 4.7-4.9 show schlieren flame images of syngas-air mixtures at 2.0 bar and 293 K. Spherical expansion of the flame was found only in the cases of stoichiometric mixtures and rich mixtures of updraft and downdraft syngas. In all cases a cellular flame structure was observed. Indeed, it can be seen from the figures the transformation of the smooth spherical flame front to the polyhedral flame structures which increase the surface area of the flame front. The increase in the surface area leads to a sudden increase in the flame speed and any inclusion of these data points would lead to higher burning velocity predictions (Saeed and Stone, 2004). 93
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THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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Résumé __________________________
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Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
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Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
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Contents tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE
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Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Introduction proves to have higher
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Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
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Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BI
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Bibliographic revision point today
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Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
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Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
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Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
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Bibliographic revision Circulating
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Bibliographic revision or eliminate
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Bibliographic revision established
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Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
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Bibliographic revision of low moist
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Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
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Bibliographic revision suggests tha
Page 45 and 46: Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
Page 47 and 48: Bibliographic revision Since n is
Page 49 and 50: Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
Page 51 and 52: Bibliographic revision This evoluti
Page 53 and 54: Bibliographic revision The burning
Page 55 and 56: Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
Page 57 and 58: Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
Page 59 and 60: Bibliographic revision where the su
Page 61 and 62: Bibliographic revision the stretche
Page 63 and 64: Bibliographic revision burning velo
Page 65 and 66: Experimental set ups and diagnostic
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL AN
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 4 4.1 Laminar burning veloc
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology
Page 95: Chapter 4 P i = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 4 Sn (m/s) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 4 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms 25
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 4 behaviour of the curves r
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 4 1.50 Sn (m/s) 1.25 1.00 0
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ =1.0 Su (m/s)
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 4 variation of the normaliz
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 4 4.1.1.6 Comparison with o
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 4 The values of laminar bur
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ=1.2 Su (m/s) 0
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 4 0.3 φ=0.8 Su (m/s) 0.2 0
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 4 a minimum pressure to exp
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 4 Notice the similar behavi
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 4 A very good agreement bet
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 4 ( ) Q = h T − T (4.21)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 4 tel-00623090, version 1 -
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4 are tested and discussed.
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 4 7 500 Pressure (bar) 6 5
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 4 4.2.3.4 Quenching distanc
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 4 10000 Quenching distance
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL ST
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 5 30 10 25 8 Pressure (bar)
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Chapter 5 30 Piston position (mm) 2
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Chapter 5 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder press
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Chapter 5 estimation of various par
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Chapter 5 TDC 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 m
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Chapter 5 Piston position (mm) 500
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Chapter 5 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.15 is possi
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.16 is obser
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Chapter 5 80 Pressure (bar) 70 60 5
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Chapter 5 80 10 Pmax (bar) 70 60 50
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Chapter 5 -5.0 ms -3.75 ms -2.5 ms
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Chapter 5 observation emphasis the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMUL
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Chapter 6 centered at the spark plu
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Chapter 6 H 2 O, (3) N 2 , (4) O 2
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Chapter 6 For all the above express
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Chapter 6 motions within the cylind
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Chapter 6 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 6 Heat transfer Wei et al.,
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Chapter 6 The calibration coefficie
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Chapter 6 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volum
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Chapter 6 40 Experimental 30 Numeri
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Chapter 6 80 70 60 Numerical Experi
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Chapter 6 downdraft syngas than for
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Chapter 6 80 23º BTDC 60 29.5º BT
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Chapter 6 with experimental results
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Conclusions CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 7
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Conclusions radius and time for syn
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Conclusions conditions, therefore s
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Conclusions tel-00623090, version 1
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References References tel-00623090,
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References tel-00623090, version 1
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix B- Syngas-air mixtures pro
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Appendix C -Rivère model Heat flux
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Appendix C -Rivère model The work
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tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 20
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