Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...

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Appendix A – Overdetermined linear equations systems b −AX ≤ b −AY , ∀Y ∈R n (A-15) Rewriting b − AY as ( ) ( ) b − AY = b − AX + A X −Y (A-16) and taking the norm, we obtain 2 2 ( ) ( ) T (( b AX) A( X Y) ) (( b AX) A( X Y) ) T ( b AX) 2( A( X Y) ) ( b AX) A( X Y) b − AY = b − AX + A X −Y = − + − − + − 2 2 = − + − − + − (A-17) tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 Moreover, by (A-9) we have Therefore, we conclude: T T T ( A( X −Y) ) ( b − AX) = ( X −Y) A ( b − AX) = 0 2 2 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) b − AY = b − AX + A X −Y ≥ b −AX The equality in (A-19) only occurs when A( X − Y) = 0 of the matrix A are linearly independent, then A( X − Y) = 0 that ( X − Y) = 0 , i.e., X = Y . (A-18) (A-19) . Furthermore, once the columns which implies 218
Appendix B- Syngas-air mixtures properties Appendix B - SYNGAS-AIR MIXTURE PROPERTIES tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 P i (bar) 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 φ P v (bar) C p /C v ρ u ρ b T v (K) (kg/m 3 ) (kg/m 3 ) Updraft syngas-air mixture properties μ (m 2 /s) α (m 2 /s) 0.6 2.980 1.395 1859.5 0.581 0.09621 3.08E-05 4.24E-05 0.8 3.312 1.394 2091.2 0.5773 0.10426 3.08E-05 4.32E-05 1 3.494 1.393 2218.6 0.5743 0.09624 3.09E-05 4.39E-05 1.2 3.373 1.392 2125.2 0.5718 0.10298 3.09E-05 4.44E-05 0.6 5.962 1.395 1860.2 1.162 0.23535 1.54E-05 2.12E-05 0.8 6.637 1.394 2095.8 1.1546 0.20854 1.54E-05 2.16E-05 1 7.026 1.393 2232.7 1.1486 0.19289 1.54E-05 2.19E-05 1.2 6.752 1.392 2127.3 1.1437 0.20415 1.54E-05 2.22E-05 0.6 11.927 1.395 1860.8 2.324 0.38485 7.69E-06 1.06E-05 0.8 13.293 1.394 2099.3 2.3093 0.41702 7.70E-06 1.08E-05 1 14.119 1.393 2245.2 2.2973 0.38508 7.71E-06 1.10E-05 1.2 13.511 1.392 2128.7 2.2874 0.41192 7.72E-06 1.11E-05 0.6 29.825 1.395 1861.3 5.8101 1.17669 3.08E-06 4.24E-06 0.8 33.281 1.394 2102.7 5.7731 1.04223 3.08E-06 4.32E-06 1 35.491 1.393 2259.5 5.7432 0.9608 3.09E-06 4.39E-06 1.2 33.796 1.392 2129.9 5.7184 1.02068 3.09E-06 4.44E-06 Downdraft syngas-air mixture properties 0.6 2.914 1.393 1838.2 0.5743 0.1187 3.10E-05 4.54E-05 0.8 3.218 1.392 2057.5 0.5695 0.10573 3.11E-05 4.67E-05 1 3.383 1.391 2179.4 0.5657 0.09825 3.12E-05 4.77E-05 1.2 3.252 1.390 2080.8 0.5626 0.10387 3.13E-05 4.86E-05 0.6 5.829 1.393 1838.8 1.1486 0.23738 1.55E-05 2.27E-05 0.8 6.447 1.392 2061.4 1.139 0.2114 1.56E-05 2.33E-05 1 6.800 1.391 2192.1 1.1314 0.19613 1.56E-05 2.39E-05 1.2 6.508 1.390 2082.4 1.1252 0.20774 1.56E-05 2.43E-05 0.6 11.662 1.393 1839.8 2.2971 0.47475 7.76E-06 1.13E-05 0.8 12.910 1.392 2064.5 2.2781 0.42271 7.78E-06 1.17E-05 1 13.660 1.391 2203.2 2.2628 0.39163 7.80E-06 1.19E-05 1.2 13.021 1.390 2083.5 2.2504 0.41546 7.82E-06 1.21E-05 0.6 29.162 1.393 1839.9 5.7428 1.18683 3.10E-06 4.54E-06 0.8 32.314 1.392 2067.4 5.6952 1.05657 3.11E-06 4.67E-06 1 34.318 1.391 2215.8 5.6571 0.97742 3.12E-06 4.77E-06 1.2 32.566 1.390 2084.4 5.6259 1.03903 3.13E-06 4.86E-06 Fluidized-bed syngas-air mixture properties 0.6 2.851 1.388 1736.5 0.5944 0.12579 2.97E-05 4.03E-05 0.8 3.186 1.386 1955.5 0.5933 0.11167 2.96E-05 4.07E-05 1 3.395 1.384 2091.4 0.5923 0.10314 2.95E-05 4.11E-05 1.2 3.203 1.382 1946.7 0.5916 0.11111 2.94E-05 4.13E-05 0.6 5.703 1.388 1736.8 1.1888 0.25158 1.49E-05 2.02E-05 0.8 6.378 1.386 1957.4 1.1865 0.22329 1.48E-05 2.04E-05 1 6.816 1.384 2100.4 1.1847 0.20604 1.47E-05 2.05E-05 1.2 6.406 1.382 1947.1 1.1831 0.22221 1.47E-05 2.07E-05 0.6 11.406 1.388 1737 2.3776 0.50315 7.43E-06 1.01E-05 0.8 12.764 1.386 1958.9 2.3731 0.44653 7.40E-06 1.02E-05 1 13.675 1.384 2108.1 2.3694 0.41168 7.37E-06 1.03E-05 1.2 12.814 1.382 1947.4 2.3663 0.44441 7.34E-06 1.03E-05 0.6 28.52 1.388 1737.3 5.9439 1.25785 2.97E-06 4.03E-06 0.8 31.931 1.386 1960.3 5.9327 1.11623 2.96E-06 4.07E-06 1 34.307 1.384 2116.7 5.9234 1.02815 2.95E-06 4.11E-06 1.2 32.04 1.382 1947.7 5.9157 1.11102 2.94E-06 4.13E-06 219
Page 1 and 2:
THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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Résumé __________________________
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Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
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Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
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Contents tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE
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Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Introduction proves to have higher
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Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
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Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BI
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Bibliographic revision point today
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Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
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Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
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Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
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Bibliographic revision Circulating
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Bibliographic revision or eliminate
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Bibliographic revision established
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Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
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Bibliographic revision of low moist
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Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
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Bibliographic revision suggests tha
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Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
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Bibliographic revision Since n is
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Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
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Bibliographic revision This evoluti
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Bibliographic revision The burning
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Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
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Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
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Bibliographic revision where the su
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Bibliographic revision the stretche
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Bibliographic revision burning velo
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Experimental set ups and diagnostic
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL AN
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Chapter 4 4.1 Laminar burning veloc
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology
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Chapter 4 P i = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 shows schliere
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Chapter 4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293
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Chapter 4 Sn (m/s) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
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Chapter 4 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms 25
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Chapter 4 behaviour of the curves r
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Chapter 4 1.50 Sn (m/s) 1.25 1.00 0
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ =1.0 Su (m/s)
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Chapter 4 variation of the normaliz
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.6 Comparison with o
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Chapter 4 The values of laminar bur
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ=1.2 Su (m/s) 0
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Chapter 4 0.3 φ=0.8 Su (m/s) 0.2 0
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Chapter 4 a minimum pressure to exp
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Chapter 4 Notice the similar behavi
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Chapter 4 A very good agreement bet
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Chapter 4 ( ) Q = h T − T (4.21)
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Chapter 4 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 4 are tested and discussed.
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Chapter 4 7 500 Pressure (bar) 6 5
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 4.2.3.4 Quenching distanc
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Chapter 4 10000 Quenching distance
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL ST
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Chapter 5 30 10 25 8 Pressure (bar)
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Chapter 5 30 Piston position (mm) 2
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Chapter 5 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder press
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Chapter 5 estimation of various par
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Chapter 5 TDC 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 m
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Chapter 5 Piston position (mm) 500
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Chapter 5 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.15 is possi
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.16 is obser
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Chapter 5 80 Pressure (bar) 70 60 5
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Chapter 5 80 10 Pmax (bar) 70 60 50
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Chapter 5 -5.0 ms -3.75 ms -2.5 ms
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Chapter 5 observation emphasis the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMUL
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Page 175 and 176: Chapter 6 H 2 O, (3) N 2 , (4) O 2
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Page 183 and 184: Chapter 6 Heat transfer Wei et al.,
Page 185 and 186: Chapter 6 The calibration coefficie
Page 187 and 188: Chapter 6 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volum
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 6 40 Experimental 30 Numeri
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 6 80 70 60 Numerical Experi
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 6 downdraft syngas than for
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Page 197 and 198: Chapter 6 with experimental results
Page 199 and 200: Conclusions CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 7
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Page 221 and 222: Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
Page 223: Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
Page 227 and 228: Appendix C -Rivère model Heat flux
Page 229 and 230: Appendix C -Rivère model The work
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