Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...

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References tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 42. Cuellar B.S. Aplicaciones de las fracciones obtenidas en la pirolisis del sarmiento de la vid Proyecto Fin de carrera. EE.II. Universidad de Extremadura, 2003. 43. Dahoe A. E., Zevenbergen J. F., Lemkowitz S. M., Scarlett B. Dust explosions in spherical vessels: the role of flame thickness in the validity of the ‘cube-root-law’. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 9, 33–44 (1996). 44. Dahoe A.E., Goey L.P.H. On the determination of the laminar burning velocity from closed vessel gas explosions. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 16, 457–478 (2003). 45. Darrieus G. unpublished work presented at La Technique Moderne, and at Le Congrès de Mécanique Appliqué (1945) and (1938). 46. Demirbaş A. Recent advances in biomass conversion technologies. Energy Educ. Sci. Technology 6, 19-41 (2000). 47. Demirbaş A. Hydrogen Production from Biomass by the Gasification Process. Energy Sources 24, 59-68 (2002). 48. Directive 2001/77/EC, Journal of European Community, 2001. 49. Dixon-Lewis G. Structure of laminar flames. Symposium (International) on Combustion. The Combustion Institute 23 (1), 305-324 (1991). 50. Elvingson P., Luften och MiljÖn. Department of Applied Environmental Science, Goteborg University, 2001. 51. Engstrom F. Overview of Power Generation from Biomass. Foster Wheeler development Corporation, Presented at the Gasification Technology conference, San Francisco CA, October 1999. 52. Etlicher A. Différentes approches de la détermination de la vitesse de combustion laminaire d’un mélange gazeux explosif par la méthode de la bombe sphérique à volume constant. Rapport de stage ingénieur, ENSMA, 1995. 53. Evans A.A. Deflagrations in spherical vessels: a comparison among four approximate burning velocity formulae. Combustion and Flame 97, 429-434 (1994). 54. Farhad S., Shamecki A. H., Ali M. P. Effects of spark advance, A/F ratio and valve timing on emissions and performance characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engine. SAE paper 2009-01-1424, (2009). 55. Federico P., Fabrizio P., Enrico M. A quasi-dimensional combustion model for performance and emissions of SI engines running on hydrogen-methane blends. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 35, 4687-4701 (2010). 56. Fercher E., Hofbauer H., Fleck T., Rauch T., Veronik G. Two years experience with the FICFB-gasification process. In: Proceedings of the 10th European conference and technology exhibition, Wurzburg, 1998. 204
References tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 57. Ferguson C.R. Internal combustion engines. New York: Wiley, 1986. 58. Ferreira S., Moreira N.A., Monteiro E. Bioenergy overview for Portugal. Biomass and Bionergy 33, 1567-1576 (2009). 59. Fiock E.F., Marvin C.F. The measurement of flame speeds. Chemical Reviews 21 (3), 367-387 (1937). 60. Fisson F., Henry J.D., Kageyma T. Influence of la turbulence sur la phase initiale du développement of flammes of mélanges préalables. Final Rapport du Contract ELF, 1994. 61. Floch A., (1990). Etude de la Turbulence Instationnaire dans une Chambre de Combustion à Volume Constant-Interaction avec la Propagation d’une Flamme Allumée par Etincelle. PhD Thesis, University of Rouen, France. 62. Gañan J., A. Al-Kassir Abdulla, A.B. Mirandab, J. Turegano, S. Correia, E.M. Cuerda. Energy production by means of gasification process of residuals sourced in Extremadura (Spain). Renewable Energy 30, 1759–1769 (2005). 63. Ganesan V. Internal Combustion Engines. McGraw-Hill companies, 1995. 64. Gerstein M., Levine O., Wong E. L. Flame Propagation. II. The Determination of Fundamental Burning Velocities of Hydrocarbons by a Revised Tube Method. Journal of the American Chemical Society 73 (1), 418-422 (1951). 65. González J.F., Encinar J.M., Canito J.L., Sabio E., Chacón M. Pyrolysis of cherry stones: energy uses of the different fractions and kinetic study. J. Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 67 (1), 165–190 (2003). 66. Gordon S., McBride J. Computer program for calculation of complex chemical equilibrium compositions, rocket performance, incident and reflected shocks, and Chapman-Jouguet detonations. Scientific and Technical Information Office NASA, 1971. 67. Graham R.G., Bain R. Biomass gasification - hot gas cleanup. Report submitted to the International Energy Agency Biomass Gasification Working Group, IEA 1993. 68. Griffiths J.F, Liao Q., Schreiber A., Meyer J., Knoche K.F, Kardylewski W. Experimental and numerical studies of ditertiary butyl peroxide combustion at high pressures in a rapid compression machine. Combustion and Flame 93, 303- 315 (1993). 69. Groot G. R. A., Oijen J. A., Goey L. P. H., Seshadri K., Peters N. The Effects of Strain and Curvature on the Mass Burning Rate of Premixed Laminar Flames, Combustion Theory and Modeling 6, 675-695 (2002). 205
Page 1 and 2:
THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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Résumé __________________________
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Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
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Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
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Contents tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE
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Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Introduction proves to have higher
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Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
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Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BI
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Bibliographic revision point today
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Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
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Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
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Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
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Bibliographic revision Circulating
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Bibliographic revision or eliminate
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Bibliographic revision established
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Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
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Bibliographic revision of low moist
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Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
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Bibliographic revision suggests tha
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Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
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Bibliographic revision Since n is
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Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
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Bibliographic revision This evoluti
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Bibliographic revision The burning
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Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
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Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
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Bibliographic revision where the su
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Bibliographic revision the stretche
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Bibliographic revision burning velo
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Experimental set ups and diagnostic
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL AN
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Chapter 4 4.1 Laminar burning veloc
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology
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Chapter 4 P i = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 shows schliere
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Chapter 4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293
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Chapter 4 Sn (m/s) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
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Chapter 4 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms 25
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Chapter 4 behaviour of the curves r
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Chapter 4 1.50 Sn (m/s) 1.25 1.00 0
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ =1.0 Su (m/s)
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Chapter 4 variation of the normaliz
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.6 Comparison with o
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Chapter 4 The values of laminar bur
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ=1.2 Su (m/s) 0
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Chapter 4 0.3 φ=0.8 Su (m/s) 0.2 0
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Chapter 4 a minimum pressure to exp
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Chapter 4 Notice the similar behavi
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Chapter 4 A very good agreement bet
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Chapter 4 ( ) Q = h T − T (4.21)
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Chapter 4 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 4 are tested and discussed.
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Chapter 4 7 500 Pressure (bar) 6 5
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 4.2.3.4 Quenching distanc
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Chapter 4 10000 Quenching distance
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL ST
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Chapter 5 30 10 25 8 Pressure (bar)
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Chapter 5 30 Piston position (mm) 2
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Chapter 5 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder press
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Chapter 5 estimation of various par
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Chapter 5 TDC 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 m
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Chapter 5 Piston position (mm) 500
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Chapter 5 tel-00623090, version 1 -
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 5 From figure 5.15 is possi
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 5 From figure 5.16 is obser
Page 163 and 164: Chapter 5 80 Pressure (bar) 70 60 5
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 5 80 10 Pmax (bar) 70 60 50
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 5 -5.0 ms -3.75 ms -2.5 ms
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 5 observation emphasis the
Page 171 and 172: Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMUL
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 6 centered at the spark plu
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 6 H 2 O, (3) N 2 , (4) O 2
Page 177 and 178: Chapter 6 For all the above express
Page 179 and 180: Chapter 6 motions within the cylind
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Page 183 and 184: Chapter 6 Heat transfer Wei et al.,
Page 185 and 186: Chapter 6 The calibration coefficie
Page 187 and 188: Chapter 6 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volum
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 6 40 Experimental 30 Numeri
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 6 80 70 60 Numerical Experi
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 6 downdraft syngas than for
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 6 80 23º BTDC 60 29.5º BT
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 6 with experimental results
Page 199 and 200: Conclusions CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 7
Page 201 and 202: Conclusions radius and time for syn
Page 203 and 204: Conclusions conditions, therefore s
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Page 207 and 208: References References tel-00623090,
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Page 221 and 222: Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
Page 223 and 224: Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
Page 225 and 226: Appendix B- Syngas-air mixtures pro
Page 227 and 228: Appendix C -Rivère model Heat flux
Page 229 and 230: Appendix C -Rivère model The work
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