Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...

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Chapter 1 compression machine results obtained in this work. For this propose some adaptations to the engine-like code are needed and are shown in advance. Chapter 7 – Conclusions In this last chapter a summary of the present work is made emphasizing the principal findings. As any research project is an open narrative some perspectives for future developments are also presented. tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 17
Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVISION This work touches upon mainly the topics of gasification and combustion. The syngas coming from a gasification process is under study for energy proposes. Therefore, a global perspective of the gasification process is given with emphasis in the gasification technologies and the dependence of the final syngas composition from the various parameters of the process. tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 Energy production based on syngas is accomplished by combustion. Therefore, premixed flames combustion theory is revised. Following, the experimental methods for burning velocity determination are described with emphasis for the constant volume and constant pressure methods. 2.1 Biomass gasification 2.1.1 Historical development Wood, coal and charcoal gasifiers have been used for operation of internal combustion engines in various applications since the beginning of the 20 th century. The utilization peaked during the Second World War when almost a million gasifiers were used all over the world, mainly vehicles operating on domestic solid fuels instead of gasoline. Interest in the technology of gasification has shown a number of ups and downs since its first appearance. It appears that interest in gasification research correlates closely with the relative cost and availability of liquid and gaseous fossil fuels. These are the cases of the Second World War, the double fuel crises of 1973 and 1979, and nowadays the scarcity and rising oil prices. The relevant historical dates of gasification development are the following: 1788: Robert Gardner obtained the first patent with regard to gasification; 1792: First confirmed use of syngas reported, William Murdoch used the gas generated from coal to light a room in his house. Since then, for many years coal gas was used for cooking and heating; 1801: Lampodium proved the possibility of using waste gases escaping from charring of wood; 18
Page 1 and 2: THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
Page 5 and 6: Résumé __________________________
Page 7 and 8: Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
Page 9 and 10: Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
Page 11 and 12: Contents tel-00623090, version 1 -
Page 13 and 14: Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE
Page 15 and 16: Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Page 17 and 18: Introduction proves to have higher
Page 19: Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
Page 23 and 24: Bibliographic revision point today
Page 25 and 26: Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
Page 27 and 28: Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
Page 29 and 30: Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
Page 31 and 32: Bibliographic revision Circulating
Page 33 and 34: Bibliographic revision or eliminate
Page 35 and 36: Bibliographic revision established
Page 37 and 38: Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
Page 39 and 40: Bibliographic revision of low moist
Page 41 and 42: Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
Page 43 and 44: Bibliographic revision suggests tha
Page 45 and 46: Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
Page 47 and 48: Bibliographic revision Since n is
Page 49 and 50: Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
Page 51 and 52: Bibliographic revision This evoluti
Page 53 and 54: Bibliographic revision The burning
Page 55 and 56: Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
Page 57 and 58: Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
Page 59 and 60: Bibliographic revision where the su
Page 61 and 62: Bibliographic revision the stretche
Page 63 and 64: Bibliographic revision burning velo
Page 65 and 66: Experimental set ups and diagnostic
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Experimental set ups and diagnostic
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL AN
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Chapter 4 4.1 Laminar burning veloc
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology
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Chapter 4 P i = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 shows schliere
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Chapter 4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293
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Chapter 4 Sn (m/s) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
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Chapter 4 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms 25
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Chapter 4 behaviour of the curves r
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Chapter 4 1.50 Sn (m/s) 1.25 1.00 0
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ =1.0 Su (m/s)
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Chapter 4 variation of the normaliz
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.6 Comparison with o
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Chapter 4 The values of laminar bur
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ=1.2 Su (m/s) 0
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Chapter 4 0.3 φ=0.8 Su (m/s) 0.2 0
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Chapter 4 a minimum pressure to exp
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Chapter 4 Notice the similar behavi
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Chapter 4 A very good agreement bet
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Chapter 4 ( ) Q = h T − T (4.21)
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Chapter 4 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 4 are tested and discussed.
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Chapter 4 7 500 Pressure (bar) 6 5
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 4.2.3.4 Quenching distanc
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Chapter 4 10000 Quenching distance
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL ST
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Chapter 5 30 10 25 8 Pressure (bar)
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Chapter 5 30 Piston position (mm) 2
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Chapter 5 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder press
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Chapter 5 estimation of various par
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Chapter 5 TDC 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 m
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Chapter 5 Piston position (mm) 500
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.15 is possi
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.16 is obser
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Chapter 5 80 Pressure (bar) 70 60 5
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Chapter 5 80 10 Pmax (bar) 70 60 50
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Chapter 5 -5.0 ms -3.75 ms -2.5 ms
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Chapter 5 observation emphasis the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMUL
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Chapter 6 centered at the spark plu
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Chapter 6 H 2 O, (3) N 2 , (4) O 2
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Chapter 6 For all the above express
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Chapter 6 motions within the cylind
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Chapter 6 Heat transfer Wei et al.,
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Chapter 6 The calibration coefficie
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Chapter 6 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volum
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Chapter 6 40 Experimental 30 Numeri
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Chapter 6 80 70 60 Numerical Experi
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Chapter 6 downdraft syngas than for
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Chapter 6 80 23º BTDC 60 29.5º BT
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Chapter 6 with experimental results
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Conclusions CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 7
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Conclusions radius and time for syn
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Conclusions conditions, therefore s
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Conclusions tel-00623090, version 1
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References References tel-00623090,
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References tel-00623090, version 1
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix B- Syngas-air mixtures pro
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Appendix C -Rivère model Heat flux
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Appendix C -Rivère model The work
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tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 20
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