Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...
Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ... Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...
Contents tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 4.1 LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITY .......................................................................................................... 87 4.1.1 Constant pressure method ........................................................................................................ 87 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology ........................................................................................................................ 89 4.1.1.2 Flame Radius .............................................................................................................................. 100 4.1.1.3 Flame speed ............................................................................................................................... 102 4.1.1.4 Laminar burning velocity ........................................................................................................... 104 4.1.1.5 Karlovitz and Markstein numbers ............................................................................................. 106 4.1.1.6 Comparison with other fuels ..................................................................................................... 109 4.1.2 Constant volume method ........................................................................................................ 111 4.1.2.1 Pressure evolution ...................................................................................................................... 112 4.1.2.2 Burning velocity .......................................................................................................................... 114 4.1.2.3 Laminar burning velocity correlations ...................................................................................... 119 4.2. MULTI-ZONE SPHERICAL COMBUSTION .......................................................................................... 123 4.2.1 Mathematical model ............................................................................................................... 123 4.2.1.1 Flame propagation ..................................................................................................................... 123 4.2.1.2 Chemical equilibrium .................................................................................................................. 124 4.2.1.3 Heat transfer ............................................................................................................................... 124 4.2.2 Calculation procedure ........................................................................................................... 126 4.2.3 Results discussion and code validation .................................................................................. 128 4.2.3.1 Influence of the heat transfer model ........................................................................................ 129 4.2.3.2 Influence of equivalence ratio ................................................................................................... 129 4.2.3.3 Influence of the pressure ........................................................................................................... 133 4.2.3.4 Quenching distance and heat flux estimations ....................................................................... 135 4.3 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 137 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ENGINE-LIKE TURBULENT COMBUSTION ... 139 5.1 RCM SINGLE COMPRESSION ........................................................................................................... 139 5.1.1 Sensibility analysis ................................................................................................................. 140 5.1.1.1 TDC position ............................................................................................................................... 140 5.1.1.2 Initial piston position ................................................................................................................... 141 5.1.1.3 Spark time ................................................................................................................................... 143 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder pressure reproducibility .......................................................................................... 145 5.1.1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 146 5.1.2 In-cylinder pressure ............................................................................................................... 147 5.1.3 In-cylinder flame propagation ............................................................................................... 148 5.2 RCM COMPRESSION-EXPANSION .................................................................................................... 150 5.2.1 Sensibility analysis ................................................................................................................. 150 5.2.1.1 Piston position ............................................................................................................................. 150 5.2.1.2 Equivalent rotation speed .......................................................................................................... 153 5.2.1.3 In-cylinder pressure repeatability ............................................................................................. 155 5.2.1.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 157 5.2.2 In-cylinder pressure ............................................................................................................... 157 5.2.3 Ignition timing ........................................................................................................................ 160 5.2.4 In-cylinder flame propagation ............................................................................................... 161 5.3 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 165 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A SYNGAS- FUELLED ENGINE ..................... 167 6.1 THERMODYNAMIC MODEL .............................................................................................................. 168 6.1.1 Conservation and state equations .......................................................................................... 169 6.1.2 Chemical composition and thermodynamic properties .......................................................... 170 6.1.3 Heat Transfer ......................................................................................................................... 173 6.1.4 Mass burning rate .................................................................................................................. 174 6.2. NUMERICAL SOLUTION PROCEDURE .............................................................................................. 175 6.3 CODE VALIDATION.......................................................................................................................... 178 6.3.1 CFR engine ............................................................................................................................ 178 6.3.1.1 Sub-models ................................................................................................................................. 178 6.3.1.2 Results and discussion .............................................................................................................. 181 6.3.2 RCM ....................................................................................................................................... 182 6.3.2.1 Flame propagation ..................................................................................................................... 182 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volume ...................................................................................................................... 183 6.2.2.3 Heat transfer ............................................................................................................................... 184 6.3.2.4 Turbulent burning velocity ......................................................................................................... 185 6.3.2.5 Results and discussion .............................................................................................................. 185 10
Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE ............................................................................................................. 188 6.4.1 Results and discussion ........................................................................................................... 188 6.5 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 192 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 194 7.1 SUMMARY OF PRESENT WORK AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ................................................................ 194 7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ........................................................................................ 199 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 201 APPENDIX A - OVERDETERMINED LINEAR EQUATIONS SYSTEMS ................................... 215 APPENDIX B - SYNGAS-AIR MIXTURE PROPERTIES ............................................................... 219 APPENDIX C – RIVÈRE MODEL ...................................................................................................... 220 tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 11
- Page 1 and 2: THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
- Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
- Page 5 and 6: Résumé __________________________
- Page 7 and 8: Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
- Page 9 and 10: Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
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- Page 15 and 16: Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
- Page 17 and 18: Introduction proves to have higher
- Page 19 and 20: Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
- Page 21 and 22: Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BI
- Page 23 and 24: Bibliographic revision point today
- Page 25 and 26: Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
- Page 27 and 28: Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
- Page 29 and 30: Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
- Page 31 and 32: Bibliographic revision Circulating
- Page 33 and 34: Bibliographic revision or eliminate
- Page 35 and 36: Bibliographic revision established
- Page 37 and 38: Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
- Page 39 and 40: Bibliographic revision of low moist
- Page 41 and 42: Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
- Page 43 and 44: Bibliographic revision suggests tha
- Page 45 and 46: Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
- Page 47 and 48: Bibliographic revision Since n is
- Page 49 and 50: Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
- Page 51 and 52: Bibliographic revision This evoluti
- Page 53 and 54: Bibliographic revision The burning
- Page 55 and 56: Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
- Page 57 and 58: Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
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Contents<br />
6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE ............................................................................................................. 188<br />
6.4.1 Results and discussion ........................................................................................................... 188<br />
6.5 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 192<br />
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 194<br />
7.1 SUMMARY OF PRESENT WORK AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ................................................................ 194<br />
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ........................................................................................ 199<br />
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 201<br />
APPENDIX A - OVERDETERMINED LINEAR EQUATIONS SYSTEMS ................................... 215<br />
APPENDIX B - SYNGAS-AIR MIXTURE PROPERTIES ............................................................... 219<br />
APPENDIX C – RIVÈRE MODEL ...................................................................................................... 220<br />
tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011<br />
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