Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...

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Experimental and numerical laminar syngas combustion P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293 K, φ=0.8 Time (ms) 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 Radius (mm) 6.2 7.0 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.7 10.4 11.0 11.7 12.3 12.9 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.4 16.0 16.6 17.1 17.7 18.3 18.8 19.4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293 K, φ=1.0 tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 Time (ms) 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 Radius (mm) 6.2 6.8 7.4 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.6 10.1 10.7 11.2 11.7 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 12.3 12.8 13.4 13.9 14.5 15.1 15.6 16.1 16.8 17.3 17.9 Figure 4.9 – Schlieren flame images of the fluidized bed syngas-air mixtures at 2.0 bar. In order to verify the influence of the cell flame in the flame speed it is shown in figures 4.10 – 4.12 the flame speed and pressure versus flame radius for stoichiometric syngas-air mixtures at 2.0 bar. 2.0 2.5 Sn (m/s) 1.6 1.2 0.8 Sn P 2.4 2.3 2.2 Pressure (bar) 0.4 2.1 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Radius (mm) 2.0 Figure 4.10 - Flame speed and pressure versus radius for stoichiometric updraft syngas-air mixture at 2.0 bar. 96
Chapter 4 Sn (m/s) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Sn P 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 Pressure (bar) 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Radius (mm) 2 Figure 4.11 - Flame speed and pressure versus radius for stoichiometric downdraft syngas-air mixture at 2.0 bar. tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 Sn (m/s) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Sn P 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 Radius (mm) Pressure (bar) Figure 4.12 - Flame speed and pressure versus radius for stoichiometric fluidized bed syngasair mixture at 2.0 bar From figures 4.10 – 4.12 is not possible to observe the influence of cellular flame on the mean flame speed. According to Bradley and Harper, (1994) the onset of instability in a spherically propagating flame is associated with the surface propagation of discontinuities in the flame structure that have the appearance of cracks. Moreover, cells cannot form if their growth rate is smaller than that of flame expansion (Kwon et al., 2002). Since the expanding flame suffers the strongest stretch during the initial phase of its propagation when its radius is small, the tendency for cell development is expected to increase as the flame propagates outwardly. These situations are more clearly observed in the figures 4.13-4.15. In order to make the cellular flame effect on flame speed observable a larger combustion chamber is needed. 97
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THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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Résumé __________________________
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Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
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Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
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Contents tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE
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Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Introduction proves to have higher
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Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
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Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BI
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Bibliographic revision point today
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Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
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Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
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Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
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Bibliographic revision Circulating
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Bibliographic revision or eliminate
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Bibliographic revision established
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Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
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Bibliographic revision of low moist
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Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
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Bibliographic revision suggests tha
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Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
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Bibliographic revision Since n is
Page 49 and 50: Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
Page 51 and 52: Bibliographic revision This evoluti
Page 53 and 54: Bibliographic revision The burning
Page 55 and 56: Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
Page 57 and 58: Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
Page 59 and 60: Bibliographic revision where the su
Page 61 and 62: Bibliographic revision the stretche
Page 63 and 64: Bibliographic revision burning velo
Page 65 and 66: Experimental set ups and diagnostic
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL AN
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 4 4.1 Laminar burning veloc
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology
Page 95 and 96: Chapter 4 P i = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 shows schliere
Page 99: Chapter 4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 4 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms 25
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 4 behaviour of the curves r
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 4 1.50 Sn (m/s) 1.25 1.00 0
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ =1.0 Su (m/s)
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 4 variation of the normaliz
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 4 4.1.1.6 Comparison with o
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 4 The values of laminar bur
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ=1.2 Su (m/s) 0
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 4 0.3 φ=0.8 Su (m/s) 0.2 0
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 4 a minimum pressure to exp
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 4 Notice the similar behavi
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 4 A very good agreement bet
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 4 ( ) Q = h T − T (4.21)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 4 tel-00623090, version 1 -
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4 are tested and discussed.
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 4 7 500 Pressure (bar) 6 5
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 4 4.2.3.4 Quenching distanc
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 4 10000 Quenching distance
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL ST
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 5 30 10 25 8 Pressure (bar)
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 5 30 Piston position (mm) 2
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 5 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder press
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Chapter 5 estimation of various par
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Chapter 5 TDC 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 m
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Chapter 5 Piston position (mm) 500
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Chapter 5 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.15 is possi
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.16 is obser
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Chapter 5 80 Pressure (bar) 70 60 5
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Chapter 5 80 10 Pmax (bar) 70 60 50
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Chapter 5 -5.0 ms -3.75 ms -2.5 ms
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Chapter 5 observation emphasis the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMUL
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Chapter 6 centered at the spark plu
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Chapter 6 H 2 O, (3) N 2 , (4) O 2
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Chapter 6 For all the above express
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Chapter 6 motions within the cylind
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Chapter 6 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 6 Heat transfer Wei et al.,
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Chapter 6 The calibration coefficie
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Chapter 6 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volum
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Chapter 6 40 Experimental 30 Numeri
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Chapter 6 80 70 60 Numerical Experi
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Chapter 6 downdraft syngas than for
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Chapter 6 80 23º BTDC 60 29.5º BT
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Chapter 6 with experimental results
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Conclusions CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 7
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Conclusions radius and time for syn
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Conclusions conditions, therefore s
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Conclusions tel-00623090, version 1
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References References tel-00623090,
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References tel-00623090, version 1
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix B- Syngas-air mixtures pro
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Appendix C -Rivère model Heat flux
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Appendix C -Rivère model The work
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tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 20
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