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STANDARDIZATION OF SPERM MOTILITY EVALUATION trend, decreasing as the FR increased. VSL did not show significant differences in any motility class whereas VAP only showed statistical differences in C-II motility class. VCL (m/s) VSL (m/s) VAP (m/s) 160 20 fps 30 fps 120 60 fps 80 40 75 60 45 30 100 80 60 40 20 b b a a b b b ab a b b a STR (%) 90 80 70 a a b a ab b a a b 60 BFC (beats/s) 40 30 20 10 c b a c b a c b a C-I C-II C-III Figure 2. Kinetic parameters at different frame rates (20, 30, and 60 fps) on different sperm classes (C-I, C-II, and C-III). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and different letters indicate significant differences between fps. BCF, beat cross frequency; fps, frames per second; STR, straightness; VAP, average path velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; VSL, straight line velocity. 39
CHAPTER 1 3.3 Effect of ejaculate portion and post activation time. Sperm parameters obtained by the 1st mL and the rest of the sperm were similar, and no significant differences were evident (Table 3). Table 3. Mean ± SEM of sperm quality parameters in the first collectable millilitre (1st mL) and the rest of the sperm (Rest) in high quality sperm samples (C-III) at 30 seconds postactivation time. 1 st mL Rest MOT % 74.75 ± 3.19 73.29 ± 3.78 PM % 39.36 ± 3.36 36.65 ± 5.49 FA % 61.16 ± 5.09 58.80 ± 5.26 ME % 10.39 ± 2.56 10.60 ± 1.93 SL % 3.20 ± 0.33 3.89 ± 0.60 VCL µm/s 162.88 ± 7.28 156.95 ± 6.34 VSL µm/s 87.03 ± 5.77 81.76 ± 6.37 VAP µm/s 110.58 ± 6.33 104.16 ± 6.03 STR % 78.41 ± 1.12 77.83 ± 1.87 BFC beats/s 30.70 ± 1.12 30.44 ± 0.75 Abbreviations: BCF, beat cross frequency; FA, fast; ME, medium; MOT, total motility; PM, progressive motility; SL, slow; STR, straightness; VAP, average path velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; VSL, straight line velocity. Regarding changes in sperm parameters after sperm activation, significant differences were found in MOT, and percentage of fast and slow spermatozoa (Fig. 3). The most affected parameter was MOT, with a progressive decrease in motile cells after the activation time with significant differences in the different classes, in which motility value recorded at 90 seconds was lower than motility obtained at 30 seconds. There was a similar trend in percentage of fast spermatozoa, but without significant differences in C-II. There were significant differences in percentage of slow spermatozoa only in the highest motility class (C-III). 40
Page 2 and 3: SPERM PHYSIOLOGY AND QUALITY IN TWO
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Muchos años han p
Page 6 and 7: aunque tiene una alcachofa en la ca
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 RESUMEN
Page 10 and 11: SUMMARY SUMMARY The conservation st
Page 12 and 13: RESUMEN RESUMEN Las especies objeto
Page 14 and 15: RESUM RESUM Les espècies objecte d
Page 16: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 7
Page 19 and 20: GENERAL INTRODUCTION who postulated
Page 21 and 22: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2. Sperm physi
Page 23 and 24: GENERAL INTRODUCTION Finally, the a
Page 25 and 26: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3. Sperm quali
Page 27 and 28: GENERAL INTRODUCTION in fish (Kime
Page 29 and 30: GENERAL INTRODUCTION However, for s
Page 31 and 32: GENERAL INTRODUCTION future applica
Page 33 and 34: GENERAL INTRODUCTION With regards t
Page 36: OBJECTIVES The chapters presented b
Page 40 and 41: STANDARDIZATION OF SPERM MOTILITY E
Page 56: CHAPTER 2 Study of the effects of t
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 2 reducing the pressure on
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 2 ongoing task in order to
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 2 To measure sperm density,
Page 65 and 66: CHAPTER 2 Spermiating males (%) 100
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 2 100 80 60 I II III IV A 4
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 2 3.2 Hormonal treatments P
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 2 With regard to the sperm
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 2 Relative volume (%) 80 I
Page 75 and 76: CHAPTER 2 In this respect, it is we
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 2 treatment to that of the
Page 79 and 80: CHAPTER 2 Our results demonstrate t
Page 82 and 83: ROLE OF IONS IN THE SPERM ACTIVATIO
Page 92: CHAPTER 4 Study of pufferfish (Taki
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 4 2002) so Takifugu niphobl
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 4 carrying out sperm collec
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CHAPTER 4 Table 1. Activation media
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CHAPTER 4 TM (%) 100 A a a Und-PD a
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CHAPTER 4 TM (%) 80 60 40 20 0 A a
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CHAPTER 4 TM (%) 80 A ASW100 GLU 60
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CHAPTER 4 although the activation m
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CHAPTER 4 dilution ratio and an opt
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CHAPTER 4 2006). Several studies in
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CHAPTER 4 5. Conclusions Some concl
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPERM MOTILIY
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GENERAL DISCUSSION 1. Improvements
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GENERAL DISCUSSION profiles induced
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GENERAL DISCUSSION more studies on
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GENERAL DISCUSSION sperm motility p
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CONCLUSIONS 133
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CONCLUSIONS vii. The coefficients o
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REFERENCES Aarestrup K, Økland F,
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REFERENCES Beirão J, Cabrita E, P
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REFERENCES Cabrita E, Robles V, Cu
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REFERENCES De Vos A, Van De Velde H
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REFERENCES Gallego V, Pérez L, Ast
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REFERENCES sperm competition and fe
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REFERENCES Liu QH, Li J, Xiao ZZ, D
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REFERENCES Mortimer ST. Effect of i
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REFERENCES Peñaranda DS, Marco-Jim
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REFERENCES Rurangwa E, Volckaert FA
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REFERENCES Tesch F. Telemetric obse
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REFERENCES Wong PYD, Lee WM, Tsang
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