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STANDARDIZATION OF SPERM MOTILITY EVALUATION Table 1. Mean ± SEM of sperm quality parameters for different chamber models on different sperm classes (C-I, C-II, and C-III) at 30 s postactivation time. C-I C-II C-III Makler ISAS Makler ISAS Makler ISAS MOT % 16.0 ± 1.6 20.8 ± 2.4 38.6 ± 3.2 42.7 ± 3.7 57.6 ± 2.3 62.8 ± 3.6 PM % 4.3 ± 0.8 5.5 ± 1.0 19.6 ± 2.4 21.1 ± 2.5 22.1 ± 2.2 26.1 ± 2.2 FA % 7.3 ± 1.2 9.0 ± 1.3 27.0 ± 2.8 30.0 ± 3.4 38.6 ± 2.9 45.3 ± 3.5 ME % 4.4 ± 0.5 5.9 ± 0.9 6.1 ± 0.8 6.8 ± 0.7 12.7 ± 0.9 11.2 ± 0.9 SL % 4.4 ± 0.5 5.8 ± 0.9 5.5 ± 0.8 5.9 ± 0.8 6.3 ± 0.6 6.3 ± 0.5 VCL µm/s 96.1 ± 5.4 94.3 ± 6.3 140.4 ± 7.5 143.0 ± 7.8 136.1 ± 6.3 145.6 ± 6.0 VSL µm/s 37.0 ± 2.9 38.5 ± 3.7 69.8 ± 5.4 69.6 ± 4.8 62.5 ± 4.2 69.0 ± 4.1 VAP µm/s 54.3 ± 3.2 55.6 ± 4.2 87.8 ± 5.3 88.7 ± 5.2 85.0 ± 4.6 92.3 ± 4.6 STR % 66.7 ± 1.5 67.0 ± 1.9 77.4 ± 2.4 77.4 ± 1.5 72.3 ± 1.6 73.8 ± 1.3 BFC beats/s 21.6 ± 2.2 24.3 ± 2.0 31.9 ± 1.6 34.9 ± 1.3 30.8 ± 1.2 31.1 ± 1.2 Abbreviations: BCF, beat cross frequency; FA, fast; ME, medium; MOT, total motility; PM, progressive motility; SL, slow; STR, straightness; VAP, average path velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; VSL, straight line velocity. CV´s (%) 100 C-I C-II C-III Makler 80 ISAS 60 40 20 CV´s (%) 100 80 60 40 20 C-I C-II C-III MOT MP FA ME SL VCL VSL VAP STR BFC MOT MP FA ME SL VCL VSL VAP STR BFC 10x 20x MOT MP FA ME SL VCL VSL VAP STR BFC Figure 1. Coefficient of variation (CV) for each chamber model (Makler and ISAS) and each microscopy magnification (10 and 20) on different sperm classes (C-I, C-II, and C-III). BCF, beat cross frequency; FA, fast; ME, medium; MOT, total motility; PM, progressive motility; SL, slow; STR, straightness; VAP, average path velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; VSL, straight line velocity. 37
CHAPTER 1 On the contrary, the different magnification lenses used in this study significantly affected some of the sperm quality parameters in the different sperm classes (Table 2). Samples analyzed using the 20x lens showed lower values than those analyzed using the 10x lens, with more significant differences in C-II and C-III. In addition, the coefficients of variation within the same motility class (Figure 1) with the 20x lens were much higher than with the 10x lens, with much higher CV’s in C-I than in C-II and C-III. Table 2. Mean ± SEM of sperm quality parameters for different magnification lenses on different sperm classes (C-I, C-II, and C-III) at 30 s postactivation time. C-I C-II C-III 10x 20x 10x 20x 10x 20x MOT % 18.5 ± 1.8 18.3 ± 2.3 42.2 ± 3.1 39.1 ± 3.8 63.8 ± 2.1 56.6 ± 3.6 PM % 4.8 ± 0.9 5.0 ± 0.9 22.1 ± 2.3 18.6 ± 2.6 27.8 ± 2.0* 20.4 ± 2.3 FA % 8.4 ± 1.2 7.9 ± 1.3 32.0 ± 2.8 25.1 ± 3.2 47.8 ± 2.5* 36.1 ± 3.6 ME % 5.7 ± 0.7 4.6 ± 0.6 5.6 ± 0.6 7.3 ± 0.9 10.5 ± 0.8* 13.3 ± 1.0 SL % 4.4 ± 0.5 5.9 ± 0.9 4.6 ± 0.5 6.8 ± 1.0 5.5 ± 0.4* 7.1 ± 0.7 VCL µm/s 101.2 ± 4.6 89.2 ± 6.7 153.6 ± 5.1* 129.8 ± 8.6 152.3 ± 5.0* 129.4 ± 6.5 VSL µm/s 39.3 ± 2.8 36.2 ± 3.8 74.9 ± 4.1 64.6 ± 5.7 72.2 ± 3.8* 59.2 ± 4.2 VAP µm/s 58.3 ± 2.9 51.6 ± 4.3 94.6 ± 3.9 82.0 ± 5.9 95.4 ± 4.0* 81.9 ± 4.8 STR % 66.4 ± 1.6 67.4 ± 1.8 78.4 ± 1.4 76.4 ± 2.4 74.8 ± 1.1 71.3 ± 1.7 BFC beats/s 26.2 ± 1.2* 19.7 ± 2.6 35.7 ± 1.1* 31.1 ± 1.6 33.0 ± 1.1* 28.9 ± 1.2 Abbreviations: BCF, beat cross frequency; FA, fast; ME, medium; MOT, total motility; PM, progressive motility; SL, slow; STR, straightness; VAP, average path velocity; VCL, curvilinear velocity; VSL, straight line velocity. 3.2 Effect of frame rate setting The frame rate setting (FR) had no effect neither on the total and progressive motile cells nor on the proportion of fast, medium and slow spermatozoa (data not shown). However, other kinetic values were deeply affected by FR (Figure 2). VCL and BFC showed a progressive increase with significant differences as the FR increased while STR showed a reverse 38
Page 2 and 3: SPERM PHYSIOLOGY AND QUALITY IN TWO
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Muchos años han p
Page 6 and 7: aunque tiene una alcachofa en la ca
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 RESUMEN
Page 10 and 11: SUMMARY SUMMARY The conservation st
Page 12 and 13: RESUMEN RESUMEN Las especies objeto
Page 14 and 15: RESUM RESUM Les espècies objecte d
Page 16: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 7
Page 19 and 20: GENERAL INTRODUCTION who postulated
Page 21 and 22: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2. Sperm physi
Page 23 and 24: GENERAL INTRODUCTION Finally, the a
Page 25 and 26: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3. Sperm quali
Page 27 and 28: GENERAL INTRODUCTION in fish (Kime
Page 29 and 30: GENERAL INTRODUCTION However, for s
Page 31 and 32: GENERAL INTRODUCTION future applica
Page 33 and 34: GENERAL INTRODUCTION With regards t
Page 36: OBJECTIVES The chapters presented b
Page 40 and 41: STANDARDIZATION OF SPERM MOTILITY E
Page 56: CHAPTER 2 Study of the effects of t
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 2 reducing the pressure on
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 2 ongoing task in order to
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 2 To measure sperm density,
Page 65 and 66: CHAPTER 2 Spermiating males (%) 100
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 2 100 80 60 I II III IV A 4
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 2 3.2 Hormonal treatments P
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 2 With regard to the sperm
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 2 Relative volume (%) 80 I
Page 75 and 76: CHAPTER 2 In this respect, it is we
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 2 treatment to that of the
Page 79 and 80: CHAPTER 2 Our results demonstrate t
Page 82 and 83: ROLE OF IONS IN THE SPERM ACTIVATIO
Page 92: CHAPTER 4 Study of pufferfish (Taki
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 4 2002) so Takifugu niphobl
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER 4 carrying out sperm collec
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CHAPTER 4 Table 1. Activation media
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CHAPTER 4 TM (%) 100 A a a Und-PD a
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CHAPTER 4 TM (%) 80 60 40 20 0 A a
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CHAPTER 4 TM (%) 80 A ASW100 GLU 60
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CHAPTER 4 although the activation m
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CHAPTER 4 dilution ratio and an opt
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CHAPTER 4 2006). Several studies in
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CHAPTER 4 5. Conclusions Some concl
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPERM MOTILIY
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Page 134 and 135:
GENERAL DISCUSSION 1. Improvements
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GENERAL DISCUSSION profiles induced
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GENERAL DISCUSSION more studies on
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GENERAL DISCUSSION sperm motility p
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CONCLUSIONS 133
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CONCLUSIONS vii. The coefficients o
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REFERENCES Aarestrup K, Økland F,
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REFERENCES Beirão J, Cabrita E, P
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REFERENCES Cabrita E, Robles V, Cu
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REFERENCES De Vos A, Van De Velde H
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REFERENCES Gallego V, Pérez L, Ast
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REFERENCES sperm competition and fe
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REFERENCES Liu QH, Li J, Xiao ZZ, D
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REFERENCES Mortimer ST. Effect of i
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REFERENCES Peñaranda DS, Marco-Jim
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REFERENCES Rurangwa E, Volckaert FA
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REFERENCES Tesch F. Telemetric obse
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REFERENCES Wong PYD, Lee WM, Tsang
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