INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS POSSIBLE ...

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179 74. Danielsson B, Ekman R, Johansson BG, et al. Plasma lipoprotein changes in experimental cholestasis in dog. Clin Chim Acta 1977;80:157-170. 75. Chuang JH, Shieh CS, Chang NK, et al. Metabolic effect of parenteral nutrition in dogs with obstructive jaundice. J Am Coll Nutr 1995;14:197-201. 76. Blomhoff JP, Holme R, Ostrem T. Plasma cholesterol esterification and plasma lipoproteins in bile-duct-ligated dogs. Scand J Gastroenterol 1978;13:693-702. 77. Walli AK, Seidel D. Role of lipoprotein-X in the pathogenesis of cholestatic hypercholesterolemia. Uptake of lipoprotein-X and its effect on 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and chylomicron remnant removal in human fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and in the rat. J Clin Invest 1984;74:867-879. 78. Ogilvie GK, Ford RB, Vail DM, et al. Alterations in lipoprotein profiles in dogs with lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 1994;8:62-66. 79. Nieto CG, Barrera R, Habela MA, et al. Changes in the plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoprotein fractions in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. Vet Parasitol 1992;44:175-182. 80. Tidholm A, Jonsson L. A retrospective study of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (189 cases). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997;33:544-550. 81. Burkhard MJ, Meyer DJ. Causes and effects of interference with clinical laboratory measurements and examinations. In: Bonagura JD. ed. Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1995:14-20.
180 82. Yilmaz Z, Senturk S. Characterization of lipid profiles in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Small Anim Pract 2007;48:643-650. 83. Ford RB. Idiopathic hyperchylomicronemia in Miniature Schnauzers. J Small Anim Pract 1993;34:488-492. 84. Xenoulis PG, Suchodolski JS, Levinski MD, et al. Investigation of hypertriglyceridemia in healthy miniature schnauzers. J Vet Intern Med 2007;21:1224- 1230. 85. Weinstock PH. Severe hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein and neonatal death in lipoprotein lipase knockout mice. J Clin Invest 1995; 96:2555-2568. 86. Coleman T, Seip RL. COOH-terminal disruption of lipoprotein lipase in mice is lethal in homozygotes, but heterozygotes have elevated triglycerides and impaired enzyme activity. J Biol Chem 1995;270:12518-12525. 87. Schickel R. Identification of the nucleotide sequence of the lipoprotein lipase gene as well as its role in the development of hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis in the Miniature Schnauzer. Dr.med.vet. Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 2005;1-51. 88. Breckenridge WC, Little JA, Steiner G, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia associated with deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1265-1273. 89. Yamamura T, Sudo H, Ishikawa K, et al. Familial type-I hyperlipoproteinemia caused by apolipoprotein C-II deficiency. Atherosclerosis 1979;34:53-65.
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INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA
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INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA
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iv was found to be useful for the s
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vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRAC
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x LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1 Cor
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xii FIGURE Page 20 1-dimensional sl
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2 the results of these initial stud
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4 and HDL 1 concentrations and a de
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6 and, in smaller concentrations, L
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8 HDL molecules can be further subd
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10 reach the vasculature, they acqu
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12 Endocrine disease Most commonly,
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14 with varying frequencies in dogs
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16 hypercholesterolemia was found o
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18 Primary hyperlipidemia with hype
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20 Atherosclerosis Although dogs ap
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22 Dietary management Typically, th
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24 therapy when the latter fails to
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26 followed from the 1970s until to
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28 this theory, zymogen granules th
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30 be quite different, especially i
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32 Drugs As in humans, drug-induced
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34 Signalment Dogs of any age, bree
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36 erroneously direct the clinician
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38 of changes over time in serum Sp
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40 they have been shown to have a l
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42 revealed either a normal pancrea
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44 At present, a definitive diagnos
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46 factors should always be investi
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48 associated pancreatitis is much
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50 clear whether hyperlipidemia was
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52 hepatobiliary disease in both Mi
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54 the reference range, while Group
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56 ROC analysis and calculation of
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58 Figure 3. Serum cPLI concentrati
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60 There was no significant differe
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62 severe (typically ≥1,000 mg/dl
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64 gastrointestinal signs or suspec
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66 CHAPTER III SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE C
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68 logical assumption that a defect
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70 pancreatitis. For the same reaso
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72 Spec cPL concentrations were mea
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74 were significantly more likely t
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76 Figure 5. Comparison of serum tr
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78 Figure 7. Comparison of serum tr
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80 pancreatitis as it cannot be pre
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83 Although serum cholesterol conce
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85 Footnotes a Spec cPL ® , IDEXX
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87 several subfractions, with diffe
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89 Miniature Schnauzers (Group 2) T
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91 Assays Serum triglyceride (refer
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93 Figure 8. Custom-built fluoresce
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95 range HDL 1 has not been accurat
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97 mg/dL) were significantly higher
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99 Figure 10: Serum cholesterol con
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101 (Eigenvalues=0.5455; P=0.00017;
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103 Figure 12: Representative lipop
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105 Figures 14A and 14B: Representa
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107 Specifically, 97% of non-hypert
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109 The fraction of TRLs was a sign
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111 Schnauzers without hyperlipidem
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113 Footnotes a Roche/Hitachi MODUL
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115 The biochemical, metabolic, and
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117 Study design Each one of the do
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119 Questionnaires and consent form
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121 a target intensity of 30%, and
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123 might affect lipid metabolism (
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125 Figure 16. Serum triglyceride c
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127 Figure 18. Serum Spec cPL conce
Page 142 and 143: 129 Figure 19. 1-dimensional sliced
Page 144 and 145: 131 Dogs that did not respond to th
Page 146 and 147: 133 Hypertriglyceridemia has been l
Page 148 and 149: 135 degrees. One possible explanati
Page 150 and 151: 137 Footnotes a Royal Canin Gastroi
Page 152 and 153: 139 concentrations and lipoprotein
Page 154 and 155: 141 inclusion criteria for the stud
Page 156 and 157: 143 light source j , located in a d
Page 159 and 160: 146 Serum triglyceride and choleste
Page 161 and 162: 148 Figure 22. Serum triglyceride c
Page 163 and 164: 150 Figure 24. 1-dimensional sliced
Page 165 and 166: 152 Discussion The purpose of the p
Page 167 and 168: 154 fraction of these dogs (about 3
Page 169 and 170: 156 of lipoproteins might also have
Page 171 and 172: 158 Footnotes a Roche/Hitachi MODUL
Page 173 and 174: 160 the etiology of pancreatitis, b
Page 175 and 176: 162 times (P=0.0343) for a serum cP
Page 177 and 178: 164 peaks than dogs of other breeds
Page 179 and 180: 166 19.3; 95% CI, 2.0-184.0; P=0.00
Page 181 and 182: 168 4) Specific lipoprotein classes
Page 183 and 184: 170 REFERENCES 1949;8:96-97. 1. Lew
Page 185 and 186: 172 17. Whitney MS, Boon GD, Rebar
Page 187 and 188: 174 33. Ford RB. Clinical managemen
Page 189 and 190: 176 50. Nelson RW, Turnwald GH, Wil
Page 191: 178 66. Williams DA, Steiner JM. Ca
Page 195 and 196: 182 97. Fojo SS, Stalenhoef AF, Mar
Page 197 and 198: 184 111. Lam CW, Yuen YP, Cheng WF,
Page 199 and 200: 186 127. Crispin SM. Ocular manifes
Page 201 and 202: 188 144. Lindsay S, Entenmann C, Ch
Page 203 and 204: 190 161. Steiner JM. Canine pancrea
Page 205 and 206: 192 176. Steiner JM, Teague SR, Wil
Page 207 and 208: 194 191. Steiner JM. Diagnosis of p
Page 209 and 210: 196 208. Talukdar R, Vege S. Recent
Page 211 and 212: 198 224. Koch K, Drewelow B, Liebe
Page 213 and 214: 200 241. Petrov MS, van Santvoort H
Page 215 and 216: 202 258. Ewald N, Hardt PD, Kloer H
Page 217 and 218: 204 274. Otvos JD, Jeyarajah EJ, Be
Page 219 and 220: 206 289. Carpentier YA, Scruel O. C
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