INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS POSSIBLE ...

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113 Footnotes a Roche/Hitachi MODULAR ANALYTICS D 2400 module, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN b Immulite 2000 Canine Total T4, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL c Free T4 (by ED), Antech Diagnostics, Irvine, CA Lipoprotein profiling was carried out using a d Bismuth Sodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate, TCI AMERICA, Portland, OR e NBD C 6 -ceramide, Molecular Probes, Inc. Eugene, OR f Tube, Thickwall, Polycarbonate (1 mL, 11 x 34 mm), Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA g Beckman Coulter Optima TLX-120 Ultracentrifuge, Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA h TLA-120.2 rotor, Beckman Coulter Inc, Brea, CA i Digital Microfire Camera, Optronics, Coleta, CA j MH-100, Dolan-Jenner Industries, Boxborough, MA k SCHOTT North America, Inc., Elmsford, NY l Origin 7.0, Microcal Software Inc., Northampton, MA m SPSS 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL n Prism5, GraphPad, San Diego, CA o R, http://www.r-project.org/
114 CHAPTER V EFFECT OF A LOW-FAT DIET ON SERUM LIPID AND PANCREATIC LIPASE CONCENTRATIONS AND LIPOPROTEIN PROFILES IN MINIATURE SCHNAUZERS WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA Introduction Canine primary hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder of likely diverse etiology that is more commonly seen in certain breeds. 252 Primary hyperlipidemia of Miniature Schnauzers was the first primary hyperlipidemia disorder described in dogs, and to date, it has been reported in dogs of this breed in the United States and Japan. 15,84,284 In 1 study from the United States, hypertriglyceridemia was present in 32.8% of 192 Miniature Schnauzers investigated. 84 Hyperlipidemia of Miniature Schnauzers is typically characterized by hypertriglyceridemia of various degrees due to increases in serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons, with or without the presence of hypercholesterolemia. 17,84 In this breed, hypetriglyceridemia might be etiologically linked to disorders such as hepatobiliary disease, pancreatitis, insulin resistance, and ocular disease. 123,252,285 The association between hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis is of particular interest in Miniature Schnauzers as studies have suggested that Miniature Schnauzers are also predisposed to pancreatitis. 63,163 In fact, it is widely believed that hypertriglyceridemia predisposes Miniature Schnauzers to develop chronic pancreatitis based in part on the observation that dogs of this breed often appear to have multiple episodes of pancreatitis throughout their lives. 165,216
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INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA
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INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA
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iv was found to be useful for the s
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vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRAC
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x LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1 Cor
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xii FIGURE Page 20 1-dimensional sl
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2 the results of these initial stud
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4 and HDL 1 concentrations and a de
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6 and, in smaller concentrations, L
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8 HDL molecules can be further subd
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10 reach the vasculature, they acqu
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12 Endocrine disease Most commonly,
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14 with varying frequencies in dogs
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16 hypercholesterolemia was found o
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18 Primary hyperlipidemia with hype
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20 Atherosclerosis Although dogs ap
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22 Dietary management Typically, th
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24 therapy when the latter fails to
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26 followed from the 1970s until to
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28 this theory, zymogen granules th
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30 be quite different, especially i
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32 Drugs As in humans, drug-induced
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34 Signalment Dogs of any age, bree
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36 erroneously direct the clinician
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38 of changes over time in serum Sp
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40 they have been shown to have a l
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42 revealed either a normal pancrea
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44 At present, a definitive diagnos
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46 factors should always be investi
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48 associated pancreatitis is much
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50 clear whether hyperlipidemia was
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52 hepatobiliary disease in both Mi
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54 the reference range, while Group
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56 ROC analysis and calculation of
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58 Figure 3. Serum cPLI concentrati
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60 There was no significant differe
Page 75 and 76: 62 severe (typically ≥1,000 mg/dl
Page 77 and 78: 64 gastrointestinal signs or suspec
Page 79 and 80: 66 CHAPTER III SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE C
Page 81 and 82: 68 logical assumption that a defect
Page 83 and 84: 70 pancreatitis. For the same reaso
Page 85 and 86: 72 Spec cPL concentrations were mea
Page 87 and 88: 74 were significantly more likely t
Page 89 and 90: 76 Figure 5. Comparison of serum tr
Page 91 and 92: 78 Figure 7. Comparison of serum tr
Page 93: 80 pancreatitis as it cannot be pre
Page 96 and 97: 83 Although serum cholesterol conce
Page 98 and 99: 85 Footnotes a Spec cPL ® , IDEXX
Page 100 and 101: 87 several subfractions, with diffe
Page 102 and 103: 89 Miniature Schnauzers (Group 2) T
Page 104 and 105: 91 Assays Serum triglyceride (refer
Page 106 and 107: 93 Figure 8. Custom-built fluoresce
Page 108 and 109: 95 range HDL 1 has not been accurat
Page 110 and 111: 97 mg/dL) were significantly higher
Page 112 and 113: 99 Figure 10: Serum cholesterol con
Page 114 and 115: 101 (Eigenvalues=0.5455; P=0.00017;
Page 116 and 117: 103 Figure 12: Representative lipop
Page 118 and 119: 105 Figures 14A and 14B: Representa
Page 120 and 121: 107 Specifically, 97% of non-hypert
Page 122 and 123: 109 The fraction of TRLs was a sign
Page 124 and 125: 111 Schnauzers without hyperlipidem
Page 128 and 129: 115 The biochemical, metabolic, and
Page 130 and 131: 117 Study design Each one of the do
Page 132 and 133: 119 Questionnaires and consent form
Page 134 and 135: 121 a target intensity of 30%, and
Page 136 and 137: 123 might affect lipid metabolism (
Page 138 and 139: 125 Figure 16. Serum triglyceride c
Page 140 and 141: 127 Figure 18. Serum Spec cPL conce
Page 142 and 143: 129 Figure 19. 1-dimensional sliced
Page 144 and 145: 131 Dogs that did not respond to th
Page 146 and 147: 133 Hypertriglyceridemia has been l
Page 148 and 149: 135 degrees. One possible explanati
Page 150 and 151: 137 Footnotes a Royal Canin Gastroi
Page 152 and 153: 139 concentrations and lipoprotein
Page 154 and 155: 141 inclusion criteria for the stud
Page 156 and 157: 143 light source j , located in a d
Page 159 and 160: 146 Serum triglyceride and choleste
Page 161 and 162: 148 Figure 22. Serum triglyceride c
Page 163 and 164: 150 Figure 24. 1-dimensional sliced
Page 165 and 166: 152 Discussion The purpose of the p
Page 167 and 168: 154 fraction of these dogs (about 3
Page 169 and 170: 156 of lipoproteins might also have
Page 171 and 172: 158 Footnotes a Roche/Hitachi MODUL
Page 173 and 174: 160 the etiology of pancreatitis, b
Page 175 and 176: 162 times (P=0.0343) for a serum cP
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164 peaks than dogs of other breeds
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166 19.3; 95% CI, 2.0-184.0; P=0.00
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168 4) Specific lipoprotein classes
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170 REFERENCES 1949;8:96-97. 1. Lew
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172 17. Whitney MS, Boon GD, Rebar
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174 33. Ford RB. Clinical managemen
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176 50. Nelson RW, Turnwald GH, Wil
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178 66. Williams DA, Steiner JM. Ca
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180 82. Yilmaz Z, Senturk S. Charac
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182 97. Fojo SS, Stalenhoef AF, Mar
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184 111. Lam CW, Yuen YP, Cheng WF,
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186 127. Crispin SM. Ocular manifes
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188 144. Lindsay S, Entenmann C, Ch
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190 161. Steiner JM. Canine pancrea
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192 176. Steiner JM, Teague SR, Wil
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194 191. Steiner JM. Diagnosis of p
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196 208. Talukdar R, Vege S. Recent
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198 224. Koch K, Drewelow B, Liebe
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200 241. Petrov MS, van Santvoort H
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202 258. Ewald N, Hardt PD, Kloer H
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204 274. Otvos JD, Jeyarajah EJ, Be
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206 289. Carpentier YA, Scruel O. C
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