INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS POSSIBLE ...

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ix CHAPTER IV Page LIPOPROTEIN PROFILING USING DENSITY GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION IN HEALTHY DOGS OF VARIOUS BREEDS, HEALTHY MINIATURE SCHNAUZERS, AND MINIATURE SCHNAUZERS WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA .............. 86 Introduction .................................................................................... 86 Materials and methods ................................................................... 88 Results ............................................................................................ 95 Discussion ...................................................................................... 108 V EFFECT OF A LOW-FAT DIET ON SERUM LIPID AND PANCREATIC LIPASE CONCENTRATIONS AND LIPOPROTEIN PROFILES IN MINIATURE SCHNAUZERS WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA ............................................................................ 114 Introduction .................................................................................... 114 Materials and methods ................................................................... 115 Results ............................................................................................ 122 Discussion ...................................................................................... 131 VI SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE AND CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS AND LIPOPROTEIN PROFILES IN DOGS WITH NATURALLY OCCURRING PANCREATITIS AND HEALTHY CONTROL DOGS .................................................. 138 Introduction .................................................................................... 138 Materials and methods ................................................................... 139 Results ............................................................................................ 144 Discussion ...................................................................................... 152 VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................... 159 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 170 VITA ......................................................................................................................... 207
x LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1 Correlation between serum triglyceride and cPLI concentrations in 195 Miniature Schnauzers .......................................................................... 55 2 Likelihood ratios for different serum triglyceride concentrations for serum cPLI concentrations consistent with pancreatitis............................. 57 3 Serum cPLI concentrations in Miniature Schnauzers with normal serum triglyceride concentrations and in Miniature Schnauzers with serum triglyceride concentrations above the upper limit of the reference range ........................................................................................... 58 4 Serum cPLI concentrations in Miniature Schnauzers with normal serum triglyceride concentrations and in Miniature Schnauzers with a severely increased serum triglyceride concentration ...................... 59 5 Comparison of serum triglyceride concentrations between Miniature Schnauzers with a history of pancreatitis and Miniature Schnauzers with no history of pancreatitis ................................................. 76 6 Comparison of serum cholesterol concentrations between Miniature Schnauzers with a history of pancreatitis (Group 1) and Miniature Schnauzers with no history of pancreatitis (Group 2) ............... 77 7 Comparison of serum triglyceride concentrations during pancreatitis and after resolution of pancreatitis .......................................... 78 8 Custom-built fluorescence imaging system consisting of a digital camera with a MH-100 metal halide continuous light source used for imaging of the tubes after ultracentrifugation. .................. 93 9 Serum triglyceride concentrations in dogs of other breeds (Group 1), Miniature Schnauzers with normal serum triglyceride concentrations (Group 2A), and Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia (Group 2B) ................................................................................................. 98
Page 1 and 2: INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Page 3 and 4: INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Page 5 and 6: iv was found to be useful for the s
Page 7 and 8: vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to
Page 9: viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRAC
Page 13 and 14: xii FIGURE Page 20 1-dimensional sl
Page 15 and 16: 2 the results of these initial stud
Page 17 and 18: 4 and HDL 1 concentrations and a de
Page 19 and 20: 6 and, in smaller concentrations, L
Page 21 and 22: 8 HDL molecules can be further subd
Page 23 and 24: 10 reach the vasculature, they acqu
Page 25 and 26: 12 Endocrine disease Most commonly,
Page 27 and 28: 14 with varying frequencies in dogs
Page 29 and 30: 16 hypercholesterolemia was found o
Page 31 and 32: 18 Primary hyperlipidemia with hype
Page 33 and 34: 20 Atherosclerosis Although dogs ap
Page 35 and 36: 22 Dietary management Typically, th
Page 37 and 38: 24 therapy when the latter fails to
Page 39 and 40: 26 followed from the 1970s until to
Page 41 and 42: 28 this theory, zymogen granules th
Page 43 and 44: 30 be quite different, especially i
Page 45 and 46: 32 Drugs As in humans, drug-induced
Page 47 and 48: 34 Signalment Dogs of any age, bree
Page 49 and 50: 36 erroneously direct the clinician
Page 51 and 52: 38 of changes over time in serum Sp
Page 53 and 54: 40 they have been shown to have a l
Page 55 and 56: 42 revealed either a normal pancrea
Page 57 and 58: 44 At present, a definitive diagnos
Page 59 and 60: 46 factors should always be investi
Page 61 and 62:
48 associated pancreatitis is much
Page 63 and 64:
50 clear whether hyperlipidemia was
Page 65 and 66:
52 hepatobiliary disease in both Mi
Page 67 and 68:
54 the reference range, while Group
Page 69 and 70:
56 ROC analysis and calculation of
Page 71 and 72:
58 Figure 3. Serum cPLI concentrati
Page 73 and 74:
60 There was no significant differe
Page 75 and 76:
62 severe (typically ≥1,000 mg/dl
Page 77 and 78:
64 gastrointestinal signs or suspec
Page 79 and 80:
66 CHAPTER III SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE C
Page 81 and 82:
68 logical assumption that a defect
Page 83 and 84:
70 pancreatitis. For the same reaso
Page 85 and 86:
72 Spec cPL concentrations were mea
Page 87 and 88:
74 were significantly more likely t
Page 89 and 90:
76 Figure 5. Comparison of serum tr
Page 91 and 92:
78 Figure 7. Comparison of serum tr
Page 93:
80 pancreatitis as it cannot be pre
Page 96 and 97:
83 Although serum cholesterol conce
Page 98 and 99:
85 Footnotes a Spec cPL ® , IDEXX
Page 100 and 101:
87 several subfractions, with diffe
Page 102 and 103:
89 Miniature Schnauzers (Group 2) T
Page 104 and 105:
91 Assays Serum triglyceride (refer
Page 106 and 107:
93 Figure 8. Custom-built fluoresce
Page 108 and 109:
95 range HDL 1 has not been accurat
Page 110 and 111:
97 mg/dL) were significantly higher
Page 112 and 113:
99 Figure 10: Serum cholesterol con
Page 114 and 115:
101 (Eigenvalues=0.5455; P=0.00017;
Page 116 and 117:
103 Figure 12: Representative lipop
Page 118 and 119:
105 Figures 14A and 14B: Representa
Page 120 and 121:
107 Specifically, 97% of non-hypert
Page 122 and 123:
109 The fraction of TRLs was a sign
Page 124 and 125:
111 Schnauzers without hyperlipidem
Page 126 and 127:
113 Footnotes a Roche/Hitachi MODUL
Page 128 and 129:
115 The biochemical, metabolic, and
Page 130 and 131:
117 Study design Each one of the do
Page 132 and 133:
119 Questionnaires and consent form
Page 134 and 135:
121 a target intensity of 30%, and
Page 136 and 137:
123 might affect lipid metabolism (
Page 138 and 139:
125 Figure 16. Serum triglyceride c
Page 140 and 141:
127 Figure 18. Serum Spec cPL conce
Page 142 and 143:
129 Figure 19. 1-dimensional sliced
Page 144 and 145:
131 Dogs that did not respond to th
Page 146 and 147:
133 Hypertriglyceridemia has been l
Page 148 and 149:
135 degrees. One possible explanati
Page 150 and 151:
137 Footnotes a Royal Canin Gastroi
Page 152 and 153:
139 concentrations and lipoprotein
Page 154 and 155:
141 inclusion criteria for the stud
Page 156 and 157:
143 light source j , located in a d
Page 159 and 160:
146 Serum triglyceride and choleste
Page 161 and 162:
148 Figure 22. Serum triglyceride c
Page 163 and 164:
150 Figure 24. 1-dimensional sliced
Page 165 and 166:
152 Discussion The purpose of the p
Page 167 and 168:
154 fraction of these dogs (about 3
Page 169 and 170:
156 of lipoproteins might also have
Page 171 and 172:
158 Footnotes a Roche/Hitachi MODUL
Page 173 and 174:
160 the etiology of pancreatitis, b
Page 175 and 176:
162 times (P=0.0343) for a serum cP
Page 177 and 178:
164 peaks than dogs of other breeds
Page 179 and 180:
166 19.3; 95% CI, 2.0-184.0; P=0.00
Page 181 and 182:
168 4) Specific lipoprotein classes
Page 183 and 184:
170 REFERENCES 1949;8:96-97. 1. Lew
Page 185 and 186:
172 17. Whitney MS, Boon GD, Rebar
Page 187 and 188:
174 33. Ford RB. Clinical managemen
Page 189 and 190:
176 50. Nelson RW, Turnwald GH, Wil
Page 191 and 192:
178 66. Williams DA, Steiner JM. Ca
Page 193 and 194:
180 82. Yilmaz Z, Senturk S. Charac
Page 195 and 196:
182 97. Fojo SS, Stalenhoef AF, Mar
Page 197 and 198:
184 111. Lam CW, Yuen YP, Cheng WF,
Page 199 and 200:
186 127. Crispin SM. Ocular manifes
Page 201 and 202:
188 144. Lindsay S, Entenmann C, Ch
Page 203 and 204:
190 161. Steiner JM. Canine pancrea
Page 205 and 206:
192 176. Steiner JM, Teague SR, Wil
Page 207 and 208:
194 191. Steiner JM. Diagnosis of p
Page 209 and 210:
196 208. Talukdar R, Vege S. Recent
Page 211 and 212:
198 224. Koch K, Drewelow B, Liebe
Page 213 and 214:
200 241. Petrov MS, van Santvoort H
Page 215 and 216:
202 258. Ewald N, Hardt PD, Kloer H
Page 217 and 218:
204 274. Otvos JD, Jeyarajah EJ, Be
Page 219 and 220:
206 289. Carpentier YA, Scruel O. C
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