Revisional study of neotropical Beilschmiedia species (Lauraceae ...

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Most of the revisional study was done at Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), St. Louis, U. S. A., where a specialist of Lauraceae, van der Werff, works and a large amount of the neotropical Lauraceae col1ections are preserved. Loans of neotropical Beilschmiedia species were requested from major herbaria (A, B, BM, BR, C, F, IEB, K, LL, MEXU, NY, P, R, RB, S, U, US, YEN). Two major herbaria in Costa Rica (CR, INB) were visited. Some collections obtained by the staffs of Missouri Botanical Garden had been observed before they were sent to the other herbaria (FCME, MEXU, INB, etc.). Field trips were carried out in Costa Rica in March, 1996. Habit and surroundings of several Beilschmiedia species were observed in the field, and the leaves, flowers and fruits were collected for a further study. Most of the specimens collected there are kept at INB and MO. For the species delimitation I en1ployed morphological species concept. I usually tried to find more than one characters to delinlitate the species. If there are a series of intermediate collections, I did not divide the cmnplex even when the extremes appeared distinct enough. The complex should be kept rather than divided before they are studied with more materials or some biological (e.g., genetic) investigations. I avoided intraspecific categories, because I agree with Burger's opinion "we need much n1ore (biological) information to make a subspecies than to make a species·" (quoted by Rohwer 1993 a). Neither did I make any infrageneric categories because comprehensive study of the genus Beilschmiedia should be made before establishing any infrageneric categories. In this study I recognized four new species. However, I do not intend to publish these species formally in this dissertation because dissertations are not available to as many people as journals. The fom1al publication of these new species will be made in a botanical journal. A description of each species is in the following order; name of the species, a list of basionym and taxonomical synonym, Latin diagnosis if it is a new species, general description, phenology, distribution, con1mon nan1e, economical use, a list of additional specimens exan1ined, and notes. In the list of additional specimens except for type collections, if the specimen is collected by a tean1, only last name of the first collector on the label is listed. But if the last name of the collector is a common name like "Smith" and "Allen", an initial of the first (and middle, if present) name of the collector might be also listed. For example, if it is a type collection, Berg & Akkem1ans becomes "Berg & 4
Akkermans", if it is not a type, Berg & Akkermans becomes "Berg", and Caroline K. Allen becomes "C. K. Allen". Morphology Habit. All the neotropical Beilschmiedia species are trees, and many of them grow up to about 30 m tall, s01netimes up to 40 n1 tall. There are some species which have been reported as a tree less than 15 m tall (B. angustielliptica, B. angustifolia, B. emarginata, and B. flwninensis), but these are the species which are known from only a few collections, and they might be found as a bigger tree when In ore collections are made in future. Twigs. Twigs are usually terete, but tnostly compressed to angular when they are young. Some species (B. anay, B. brenesii, B. itmnersinervis, and B. rig ida) tend to have corky twigs, but this characteristic is not very helpful to delimitate the species because the other species also rarely have corky twigs. Phyllotaxis. Neotropical Beilschmiedia species have two groups of phyllotaxis, one group of species with alternate leaves and another group of species with opposite leaves. Rarely the species with alternate leaves show sub-opposite leaf arrangen1ent near the tip of the twigs. In the group with alternate leaves, there are a few species which appear to have clustered leaves (B. anay, B. alloiophylla), but the leaves of these species become less clustered when the twigs are getting old. In the group with opposite leaves, B. brenesii and some Mexican collections of B. hondurensis tend to have some leaves crowded near the tip of the twigs. Petioles. Petioles are usually canaliculate or flat above. Color of petioles is usually same as the one of twigs, but sometin1es slightly darker and making a contrast with the twigs in B. angustielliptica, B. curviramea, B. emarginata, B.fluminensis, B. hondurensis, B. rigida and B. taubertiana. Leaves. Leaf (blade) shape ranges fron1 ovate to obovate. Size and shape of the leaves (leaf blades) vary in son1e species. Especially, Beilschtniedia costaricensis shows variation in leaf size, and B. tovarensis shows variation in leaf size and shape. Beilschmiedia pendula usually 5
Page 1 and 2: KURENAI : Kyoto University Researc
Page 3 and 4: Contents Abstract Chapter 1 Chapter
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 1 General Introduction Laur
Page 7: Chapter 2 Revisional study of neotr
Page 11 and 12: Straightness of the indument son1et
Page 13 and 14: Staminodia in the fourth whorl are
Page 15 and 16: elongs not to B. ova/is but to B. a
Page 17 and 18: Many species occur fron1 premontane
Page 19 and 20: Although I did not make an intensiv
Page 21 and 22: 12a. Inflorescences racen1ose, more
Page 23 and 24: 1. Beilscluniedia alloiophylla (Rus
Page 25 and 26: slopeS of creek, NE slope of Altos
Page 27 and 28: Rica. This group appears to have re
Page 29 and 30: anay, and he stated that the Colotn
Page 31 and 32: Phenology: collected in flower in M
Page 33 and 34: angustifolia has pubescent pistils,
Page 35 and 36: The specimen with a label saying "B
Page 37 and 38: 23, 1990 (fr.), Estinoza45 (CR, INB
Page 39 and 40: Beilschmiedia rohliana Lasser, Bol.
Page 41 and 42: (fl.), Haber 11837 (MO); La Peii.a
Page 43 and 44: (F); Con. Ceylan, path La Esmeralda
Page 45 and 46: Colombia (Cuatrecasas 22220, 22438)
Page 47 and 48: locality, Nov. 29- Dec. 18, 1964 (s
Page 49 and 50: Among Brazilian Beifschmiedia speci
Page 51 and 52: van der Werff et al. 12951 (holotyp
Page 53 and 54: inside; starnens 9, filaments ca. 0
Page 55 and 56: ecause the flowers of the type coll
Page 57 and 58: This species also shares a similar
Page 59 and 60:
synonym of B . sulcata, supposedly
Page 61 and 62:
Additional specimen examined: Brazi
Page 63 and 64:
Cristobal leaving main Hwy 100.8 mi
Page 65 and 66:
pubescent with erect, curly to wavy
Page 67 and 68:
Tree, to 20 m tall. Terminal buds p
Page 69 and 70:
16 x (5) 6-10 em; base obtuse to cu
Page 71 and 72:
Alajuela: Canton de Alfaro Ruiz, Pa
Page 73 and 74:
There are several collections from
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Spiritus (Las Villas): same mountai
Page 77 and 78:
(fl.), Ekman Hl4565 (MO), Apr. 3, 1
Page 79 and 80:
316, 1906, Little Jr. 6293, Aguilar
Page 81 and 82:
Cerro Hueco, ca. 700 malt., Feb. 4,
Page 83 and 84:
ecause there is a distribution gap
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Beilschmiedia immersinervis also ap
Page 87 and 88:
hairs. Fruits ellipsoid, ca. 5 x 3
Page 89 and 90:
Additional specimens examined: Cost
Page 91 and 92:
2, 1994 (young fl.), van der Werff
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In the illustration of Ruiz and Pav
Page 95 and 96:
Table 1. List of the Beilschmiedia
Page 97 and 98:
Legends of figures Fig. 1. Five typ
Page 99:
4 A B c . w ; . -)1 . ..... J.f D f
Page 102 and 103:
o Beilschmiedia berteroana * B. bre
Page 104 and 105:
o Beilschmiedia hexanrhera * B. hon
Page 106 and 107:
0 o Beilschmiedia ovaLioides *B. ov
Page 108 and 109:
C::::J.o•' :: ~ ·a ' \) ' ,o 0 .
Page 110 and 111:
Chapter 3. Leaf Anatomy of neotropi
Page 112 and 113:
3. Leaf sections The technique used
Page 114 and 115:
16), B. ovalis (Fig. 18), B. peruiu
Page 116 and 117:
smooth. However, in B. angustielfip
Page 118 and 119:
uneven-sized subsidiary cells. This
Page 120 and 121:
Midrib. The most distinct character
Page 122 and 123:
This grouping is more or less suppo
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In leaf sectional study, neotropica
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Species of group 2 have leaves oppo
Page 128 and 129:
Table 1. List of samples for venati
Page 130 and 131:
0\ Table 2. Continued. B. emarginat
Page 132 and 133:
Legends of figures Fig. 1-25. Venat
Page 134 and 135:
Fig. 122-143. Midrib sections of ne
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2 132
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10 1 1 12 \ 14 134
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136
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138
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140
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142
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144
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146
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148
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150
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152
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154
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References Allen, C. K. 1945. Studi
Page 162:
Meissner, C. F. 1864. Lauraceae. Pp
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