Democracy Today.indb - Universidade do Minho
Democracy Today.indb - Universidade do Minho
Democracy Today.indb - Universidade do Minho
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
FREEDOM, POWER AND REPRESENTATION:<br />
GROUP FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH AFRICA<br />
Lawrence Hamilton<br />
LIBERAL AND REPUBLICAN PROPONENTS OF FREEDOM HAVE BEEN THE MAIN<br />
PROTAGONISTS IN A CENTURIES OLD IDEOLOGICAL BATTLE., So it is therefore<br />
one of the ironies of history that, despite this conflict, the accounts of<br />
free<strong>do</strong>m they defend share a central trait: they both conceive of free<strong>do</strong>m<br />
in terms of individual free<strong>do</strong>m and state free<strong>do</strong>m alone, either<br />
making them analogous to one another or making one a condition<br />
for the other. [1] This means that normally little or nothing is offered<br />
regarding the free<strong>do</strong>m of groups, thereby excluding from consideration<br />
a whole range of conditions that can limit or enable our free<strong>do</strong>m<br />
of action. Most of these conditions are to be found within and between<br />
the groups intermediate between individuals and the state: the various<br />
and cross-cutting groups to which all individuals find themselves<br />
associated and out of which many of the more important forms of<br />
127<br />
FREEDOM, POWER AND<br />
REPRESENTATION<br />
Lawrence Hamilton<br />
1<br />
Eg., Machiavelli, Discourses, ed. Crick (Penguin 2003), pp. 104-11, 116, 153-7, 197-8; Rousseau,<br />
Social Contract, ed. Gourevitch (CUP 1997), pp. 54, 82, 116; Hobbes, Leviathan, ed. Tuck<br />
(CUP 1996), p. 149; Locke, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Laslett (CUP 1967), Bk II, 4,<br />
22, 27, 57-59, 61, 87, 95, 121-24, 217; J. S. Mill, On Liberty, in On Liberty and Other Essays,<br />
ed. Gray (OUP 1991), pp. 16-17; 121-2; 124-5; Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Harvard UP 1971);<br />
Rawls, Political Liberalism (Columbia UP 1994); Skinner, Liberty Before Liberalism (CUP<br />
1998); Skinner, Hobbes and Republican Liberty (CUP 2008); Pettit, Republicanism: A Theory<br />
of Free<strong>do</strong>m and Government (OUP 1997); Feinberg, ‘Free<strong>do</strong>m and Liberty’, in E. Craig (ed.),<br />
Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Routledge 1998).