Merchant of Venice. - Repositories
Merchant of Venice. - Repositories Merchant of Venice. - Repositories
176 NOTES [ACT IV. 1.61. Does this line answer Bassanio's question? What does it mean ? How should you answer Shylock ? 1. 62. offence. Resentment. To-day the word is used oftener m the active sense ; here it is passive. I. 64. think. Remember. What word should be emphasized in reading this line aloud ? L 66. bate. See IIL, iii., 32. II. 69, 70, What peculiar grammatical construction in these lines ? 1. 71. fretten. The old English form still retained. The folios have fretted. 1. 76. conveniency. Get the meaning from the use of con^ veniently in II., viii., 45. 1. 86. parts. Duties. Is Shylock's argument from lines 83-94 valid ? 1. 120. envy. See line 10, above. 1. 121. wit. Where used before in the very beginning of the play with the same meaning that it has here ? 1. 122. inexecrable. Inexorable. ]. 123. justice be accused. For what crime does Gratiano think Justice herself ought to be punished ? 1. 125. Pythagoras. The Greek philosopher Pythagoras taught the doctrine known as 'Hhe transmigration of souls." According to his teachings the soul of a man was supposed to pass after death into the body of some animal. Then it passed from animal to animal, and finally back again into man.
SCENE 1.] NOTES 177 1. 128. hang'd. Professor Thurber calls attention in his edi* tion of the play to a curious account of '' Legal Persecutions of the Lower Animals," Chambers's Bookof Da^s, Vol. L, p. 126. It seems from this article that animals were once tried in court for offences, excommunicated, imprisoned, and sometimes hanged. The argument for so doing seems rather plausible from one point of view. Because God had cursed the serpent, and the Saviour had cursed the unproductive fig-tree, therefore it was possible and consistent to curse and excommunicate the lower animals. Since, however, the lower animals had been created before man, it was argued that they were important and worthy in the eyes of the Creator, and deserved a fair trial in the court, with lawyers to defend their rights. Some editors think that this reference to the wolf may have had a connection with the execution of Dr. Lopez (see Sources of the Play). The name of the doctor is similar to the Latin lupus, a wolf. Very likely, however, Gratiano merely alludes to a popular fable. 1. 134. offend'st. Dost injure. 1.146. visitation. Now used only of apparently supernatural visits, or of punishments. 1. 155. Two negatives in this line. What are they ? How would it be necessary to change it in order to express the right meaning to-day ? 1. 164. difference. A polite term for a lawsuit. 1. 172. impugn. Oppose.
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176 NOTES [ACT IV.<br />
1.61. Does this line answer Bassanio's question? What<br />
does it mean ? How should you answer Shylock ?<br />
1. 62. <strong>of</strong>fence. Resentment. To-day the word is used <strong>of</strong>tener<br />
m the active sense ; here it is passive.<br />
I. 64. think. Remember. What word should be emphasized<br />
in reading this line aloud ?<br />
L 66. bate. See IIL, iii., 32.<br />
II. 69, 70, What peculiar grammatical construction in these<br />
lines ?<br />
1. 71. fretten. The old English form still retained. The<br />
folios have fretted.<br />
1. 76. conveniency. Get the meaning from the use <strong>of</strong> con^<br />
veniently in II., viii., 45.<br />
1. 86. parts. Duties. Is Shylock's argument from lines<br />
83-94 valid ?<br />
1. 120. envy. See line 10, above.<br />
1. 121. wit. Where used before in the very beginning <strong>of</strong><br />
the play with the same meaning that it has here ?<br />
1. 122. inexecrable. Inexorable.<br />
]. 123. justice be accused. For what crime does Gratiano<br />
think Justice herself ought to be punished ?<br />
1. 125. Pythagoras. The Greek philosopher Pythagoras<br />
taught the doctrine known as 'Hhe transmigration <strong>of</strong> souls."<br />
According to his teachings the soul <strong>of</strong> a man was supposed to<br />
pass after death into the body <strong>of</strong> some animal. Then it passed<br />
from animal to animal, and finally back again into man.