pakistan geographical review 1954 - University of the Punjab

embarked on a policy of state capitalism and in other countries special concessions
have been given by the states to private enterprise. Yet conditions are
hanging
in the balance.
V. Means of communications.
Means of communications are limited and under developed. In Afghanistan,
Iran and Turkey topography is a great hindrance. In West Pakistan,
Iraq and Egypt, fuel deficiency impedes further rail and rea-l construction.
The mileage in various countries is as follows:
Country Railways Roads
Turkey 4,748 25,543
West Pakistan 5,362 566,000
Egypt 5,235
Iran 1,748 17,(,00
Iraq 1,555 4,000
West Pakistan and Turkey have the largest rail and road mileage. EVen
in those countries mining centres are far apart which raises the cost of mineral
production for industrial centres.
With such limitations industry in the Middle Eastern countries attain a
modest success in home markets but machinery and certain other capital goods
will have to be imported from abroad. Certain raw materials for localized
cottage industry may also have to be imported for years to come.
Now we may discuss industry under two headings:
1. Factory Industry
.•
.
2. Cottage Industry.
FACTORY
INDUSTRY
There are five major types.
1. Iron and steel industry.
2. Textile industry.
3. Cement industry.
4. Chemical industry.
5. Universal type of industry.
Iron and Steel Industry.
It has been seen that among all the Middle Eastern countries it is only
Turkey where raw material for iron and steel industry is favourably found. In
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