pakistan geographical review 1954 - University of the Punjab

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coastal area round about Karachi humidity is high but it is confined to a smad area and is much lower than is found in East Bengal. At Karachi the humidity is 50% throughout the year, being more than 60% during the day and 80% during the night in summer only. Soils. The soils of the two wings of Pakistan are also complementary in nature and reveal very diverse profiles. The soils of West Pakistan generally fall under' the group of Pedocals. Though these soils are characteristic of a land with low and erratic rainfall, great extension of irrigation has made their extensive use possible. They are generally quite fertile. There are, however, certain areas which are suffering from injurious salts, a natural corollary of irrigation and dry climate. Soils of East Pakistan belong to the other category Pedalfers. They are mostly Pedzolic or still new laterites. There are large swampy areas. The effect of leaching is to a great extent neutralised by the annual renewal of silt over vast areas at the time of floods. Again while soil erosion is a great menace in many parts of West Pakistan like that of the Potwar Plateau, there is no trouble of similar type in East Pakistan on account of the fact that the ground is generally moist and plant cover plentiful. But here we are faced with a different proposition. Rivers frequently eat away their banks and desert their channels. Land Utilisation problems here are, therefore, different from those in West Pakistan. Vegetation. The total estimated area of forests in Pakistan excluding the states is about 14,500 sq. miles which is about 6.4 percent of the total area of the country. Of this West Pakistan has only 1872 sq. miles under forests. It works out to be abou t 3.2 percent of its total area. This percentage rises to about 16.7 in East Pakistan. It will be seen that although. both the western and eastern wings are deficient in forest resources, this deficiency is very great in the west. East Pakistan has valuable timber and fuel wood resources. Out of a total annual output of 92,57,782 c. ft. timber in Pakistan, East Pakistan contributes 79,24, 000 c. ft. In addition it produces 1,34,20,900 c. ft. of fuel wood out of a. total of 3,14,30,460 c. ft. There IS quite a good balance between timber and fuel wood. In West Pakistan the production of timber is very inadequate and excluding Sind, even 9
the fuel wood IS available in very limited quantities. Softwood is mostly found in the northern mountain of the West while teak and Sal are available in East Pakistan together with bamboo for the manufacture of pulp and paper. Environment is quite suitable for the plantation of teak in the Chittagong Hill Tract. In West Pakistan, forests are found only in the northern mountain region or along the rivers or by some canals. However, there is a large area in Baluchistan and the adjoining part of Sind and N. W.F.P. which is under permanent pasture and supports various breeds of sheep and goats which not only supply meat for local consumption but also skins and wool for export. Dry mountain pasture of the west also carry quite a good number of sheep. Agriculture. With a great difference in hydrographic, climatic and edaphic conditions. the agricultural production of West and East Pakistan shows a marked diversity and is a matter of great advantage to the economy of the country. A great variety of crops is produced in between the dry continental climate of West Pakistan and humid wet tropical and largely oceanic climate of East Pakistan. The principal crops of West Pakistan include Wheat, Cotton and to a smaller extent gram, bajra, jowar and maize. The chief crops of East Pakistan are rice, jute and tea and a comparatively smaller extent tobacco, sugercane, rape and mustard & sesamum. 10
Page 1 and 2: PAKISTAN GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 1954 V
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS page 1. Regional Balance i
Page 5 and 6: Vicinal Relations. The geographical
Page 7 and 8: studies of a comprehensive nature a
Page 9 and 10: Rainfall. In West Pakistan there is
Page 11: There is a great difference in West
Page 15 and 16: It will be seen that the distributi
Page 17 and 18: 14 Minerals. A great variety of min
Page 19 and 20: LAND USE SURVEY OF WARAH AND KOT MA
Page 21 and 22: actually the limitations of resourc
Page 23 and 24: --,~ CL,\SSIFIC,\TIO. •Of' LAND .
Page 25 and 26: The foflowing table gives the month
Page 27 and 28: small patches. The small area under
Page 29 and 30: WARAH & MAt-K;AL _ ' IN MAPNQ J \ I
Page 31 and 32: THE ECONOMICS OF POWER CULTI- VATIO
Page 33 and 34: 4. Weed control is better. Persiste
Page 35 and 36: ullock cultivation and costs are no
Page 37 and 38: 150,000 tons of coal per year mined
Page 39 and 40: embarked on a policy of state capit
Page 41 and 42: Texthel Textiles may be called the
Page 43 and 44: On the whole factories are few in t
Page 45 and 46: In tobacco products and cigarette m
Page 47 and 48: steel products like' locks and othe
Page 49 and 50: SUKKUR AND ITS ENVIRONS-A GEOGRAPHI
Page 51 and 52: dry. RailfaH at Sukkur is less than
Page 53 and 54: of Parsi merchants and the houses o
Page 55 and 56: influx of Muslims from India who ha
Page 57 and 58: year 1918, a cotton press was also
Page 59 and 60: 6. Ice Making ... 4 Oil 12 lee 12 t
Page 61 and 62: Because of this, it is necessary to

pakistan geographical review 1954 - University of the Punjab

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