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effects of using graphic calculator in mathematics teaching and ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

ABSTRAK<br />

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />

APPROVAL<br />

DECLARATION<br />

LIST OF TABLES<br />

LIST OF FIGURES<br />

Page<br />

ii<br />

vi<br />

x<br />

xii<br />

xiv<br />

xx<br />

xxvi<br />

CHAPTER<br />

1 INTRODUCTION<br />

1.1 Background <strong>of</strong> the study<br />

1.2 Development <strong>of</strong> Malaysian Mathematics<br />

Curriculum<br />

1.2.1 The <strong>in</strong>tegrated Mathematics Curriculum<br />

for Secondary School<br />

1.2.2 Emphases <strong>in</strong> Teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Learn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

Mathematics<br />

1.3 Related Learn<strong>in</strong>g Theories<br />

1.3.1 Cognitive Load Theory<br />

1.3.2. Distributed Cognition Theory<br />

1.3.3. Constructivist Learn<strong>in</strong>g Theory<br />

1.4 The Use <strong>of</strong> Graph<strong>in</strong>g Calculator<br />

1.5 Mathematics Performance <strong>in</strong> Malaysian Certificate<br />

<strong>of</strong> Education Exam<strong>in</strong>ation<br />

1.6 Statement <strong>of</strong> the Problem<br />

1.7 Purpose <strong>of</strong> the Study<br />

1.8 Objectives <strong>and</strong> Hypotheses <strong>of</strong> the Study<br />

1.9 Significance <strong>of</strong> the Study<br />

1.10 Limitations <strong>of</strong> the Study<br />

1.11 Def<strong>in</strong>ition <strong>of</strong> Terms<br />

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE<br />

2.1 Introduction<br />

2.2 Learn<strong>in</strong>g for Underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Mathematics<br />

2.2.1 What is Learn<strong>in</strong>g?<br />

2.2.2 What is Underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g?<br />

2.3 Conceptual knowledge <strong>and</strong> Procedural Knowledge<br />

1<br />

1<br />

4<br />

7<br />

11<br />

14<br />

15<br />

16<br />

18<br />

20<br />

25<br />

26<br />

29<br />

30<br />

40<br />

44<br />

45<br />

57<br />

57<br />

58<br />

58<br />

60<br />

67<br />

xv

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