- Page 1 and 2: il\VOLVEMENT OF RETII\OIC ACID II{
- Page 3 and 4: Title: AKNOWLEDGMENTS DEDICATION LI
- Page 5 and 6: IV.b.3. The uptake to peripheral ti
- Page 7: II.a. Total RAR and total RXR recep
- Page 11 and 12: DEDICATION To my toughest critic, m
- Page 13 and 14: Figure: LIST OF FIGURES Page: 1. Ch
- Page 15 and 16: 30. A and B The expression of anti-
- Page 17 and 18: treated (ADR), trolox treated (TROL
- Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION Adriamycin, an anthrac
- Page 21 and 22: apoptosis, which will ultimately pr
- Page 23 and 24: LITERATURE REVIE\il I. Adriamycin i
- Page 25 and 26: Binding and alkylation of DNA Inter
- Page 27 and 28: myocardial inflammation which was s
- Page 29 and 30: 1990; Kusuoka et al. l99l; Olson et
- Page 31 and 32: levels of antioxidant enzymes (Odom
- Page 33 and 34: causing the increased leakage of el
- Page 35 and 36: mechanisms which are involved in th
- Page 37 and 38: to protect against adriamycin-induc
- Page 39 and 40: The usage of Probucol.' Most promis
- Page 41 and 42: II. Oxidative stress II.a. Introduc
- Page 43 and 44: of a large array of cellular abnorm
- Page 45 and 46: menstruation (Kokawa et al. 1996),
- Page 47 and 48: DNA(Cohen 1997; Saikumar et al. 199
- Page 49 and 50: pathogenesis of heart failure. A nu
- Page 51 and 52: elonging to spontaneous hlpertensiv
- Page 53 and 54: AlþTrsns Retlnolc Acld fAfRAl g€
- Page 55 and 56: dehydrogenase (SDR), alcohol dehydr
- Page 57 and 58: (Bavik et a|. 1991). Soon after its
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et al. 1994; Napoli 1996). The func
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is achieved through its binding to
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Retinoic acid signaling pathwaybegi
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(Bavik et al. 1997). One of the mos
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cells (Gaetano et ai. ZOot¡. The s
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neuroblastoma, genn cell tumors and
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presence of two distinctive pathway
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cytochrome C release from mitochond
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peroxidation (Sultana et a|.2004).
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adipose tissue and to a lesser exte
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such as; increased generation of re
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physiological and pathological proc
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Protective effects of PPAR y agonis
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IIYPOTHESIS This study tests the hy
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I.c.Collection of Tissues Hearts we
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thoracotomy was performed and heart
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Il.c.Western Blot Analvsis Western
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green were counted as dead cells. T
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RESULTS I.In Vivo Studies I.a.Gener
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Lc. Retinoic acid receptors Three w
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The RAR o and PPAR-õ receptors RNA
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significantly decreased when compar
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IL b.7. RAR alPha recePtor levels T
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ILb. 3. RAR sammø recEtor levels F
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ILb. 5. RXR baa recEúor levels The
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visible staining were accounted as
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DISSCUSION I. Adriamvcin CardiomvoP
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Treatment with adriamycin has been
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High RA 1 Adriamycin I oxidative st
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study as well as in others (Kumar e
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It is reported that PPAR y receptor
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expression. These effects of trolox
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REFERENCES Abdul Hamied,T.A., D.Par
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Bashor,M.M., D.O.Toft, and F.Chytll
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distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta,
- Page 155 and 156:
colbert,M.C., D.G.Hall, T.R.Kimball
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Diep,Q.N., M'El Mabrouk, J.S.Cohn,
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Evans,R.M. 1988. "The steroid and t
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Ghione M. Development of Adriamycin
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Herman,E., R.Young, and S.Krop . Ig
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morphogenetic protein-2 inhibits se
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Khandoudi,N., P.Delerive, I.Berrebi
- Page 169 and 170:
Kusuoka,H., S.Futaki, Y.Koretsune,
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and myosin heavy chain gene express
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Mehta,J.L., B.Hu, J.Chen, and D.Li.
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Morriss-Kay,G.M. and s.J.ward. 1999
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Notario,B., M.Zamora, O.Vinas, and
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petkovich,M., N.J.Brand, A.Krust, a
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Ruberte,E., P.Dolle, P.Chambon, and
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Sharov,V.G., H.N.Sabbah, H.Shimoyam
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spiegelman,B.M. and J.s.Flier .1996
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Teebor,G.w., R.J.Boorstein, and J.c
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vanVeen,T.A.,H.V.vanRijen,R.F.V/ieg
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wi1liams,J.B. and J.L.Napoli. 1985.
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peroxisome proliferator-activated r