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'1'13 McLaren, D. S., Techalian, M., Khoury, G., Shirajian, E., 1965, Xerophthalmia in Jordan, Àr. J. Clin. Nutr. 17:117. Morrison, S. 4", Russell, R. M., Carney, E. 4., and Oaks, E. V., 1978, Zinc Deficiency: À Cause of Àbnormal Dark Àdaptation in Cirrhotics, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31:276. Perlman, I . , Barzilai, D. , Tamarhaim, and Schramek, A. 1 983, Night Vision in Case of Vitamin À Deficiency due to Malabsorption, Br. J. Opthalmol . 67:37 . Pitt, G. À. J., 198'1 , The Àssessment of Vitamin A Status, Proc. Nutr. Soc. 40: 1 73. Ripps, H., and Wheale, À., 1976, Visual Àdaptation In: The Eye, 2À, pp. 101, Academic Press Inc. New York, 2nd Ed. Russell, R., Multack, R., and Smith, V., 1973, Dark Adaptation Testing for Diagnosis of Sub-CIinical Vitamin A Deficiency and Evaluation of Therapy, Lancet 2:1161. Russell, R. M., Morrison,4., Smith, F. R.,0aks, E. V., and Carney, E. À., 1978, Vitamin À Reversal of Àbnormal Dark Adaptation in Cirrhosis, Ànn. Intern. Med. 88:622. Sabrell, W. H. and Harris, R. S., 1967, In: The Vitamins, Vol. I:3, Àcademic Press Inc. Sandberg, M. À., Rosen, J. 8., and Berson, E. t., 1977, Cone and Rod Function in Vitamin A Deficiency With Chronic Àlcoholism and in Retinilis Pigmentosa, Àm. J. OphthalmoÌ. 84:658. Sauberlich, H.8., Hodges, R. E., Wa1Iace, D. I., Kolder, H., Canham, J. 8., Hood, J., Raica, N., Jr., and towry, L. K., 1974, Vitamin À Metabolism and Requirements in the Human Studied With the Use of Labeled Retinot, Vit. Horm. 32:251. Sevenhuysen, G. P., 1984, Sources of Measurement Variation in the Rapid Dark Adaptation Test, Nutr" Rep. Intern. 30:213. Smith, J. 8., and Goodman, D. S., 1979, Retinol Binding Protein and the Regulation of Vitamin À Transport, Fed. Proc. 38:2504. Solomons, N. W., Russell, R. M., Vinton, N. E., Guerrero, À. M., and Mejia, t., 1982, Àpplication of a Rapid Dark Adaptation Test in Children, J. Ped. Gastr. Nutr. 1:571. Sommer,4., Hussaini, G., Muhilal, Tarwotjo, I., Susanto, D., and Seroso, J. S",1980, History of Night Blindness: À Simp1e Tool for Xerophthalmia Screening, Am. J. Clin. Nutr.33:887. Sommer, À., Hussaini, G.r TarwoLjo, I., and Susanto,0.,'1983, Increased Mortality in Children I,Iith Mild Vitamin A Deficiency, The Lancet, 2:585.
Sommer,4., Katz, J., and Tarwotjo, I., 1984, Increased Risk of Respiratory Disease and Diarrhea in Children Ï^iith Pre-existing Mild Vitamin A Def iciency, Àm. J. Clin. Nutr. 40:'1090. Sommer, A. , Tarwotjo, I. , Hussaini, G. , Susanto, D. , Soegiharto, T. , 198'1, Incidence, Prevalence and Scale of Blinding Malnutrition, Lancet 1 :'1404. Sommer, 4., 1984, vitamin A Deficiency and Mortality Risk, LanceL 1:347. Srikantia, S., 1975, Human Vitamin A Deficiency, World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 20: 1 84. Statistical Analysis System (S¡S) Institute, 1986, Cary, NC., U.S.A. Thornton, S. P., 1977, A Rapid Test for Dark Àdaptation, Ànn. ophthalmol. 9:731 " Vinton, N. 8., and Russell, R. M., '1981, Evaluation of A Rapid Test of Dark Adaptation, Afl. J. Clin. Nutr. 34:'1961. Wa1t, R. P., Kemp, C. M., tyness, L., Bird, À. C., and Sherlock, S., 1984, Vitamin À Treatment for Nightblindness, Br. Med. J, 288:1030. WarLh, J.4., Prasad, A. S., Zwas, F., and Frank, R. N., 1981, Àbnormal Dark Adaptation in Sickle CelI Ànemia, J. Lab. Ciin. Med. 98:189. Yarbrough, M. 8., and Dann, W. J., 1941, Dark Adaptometer and Blood Vitamin À Measurements in a North Carolina NuLrition Survey, J. Nutr. 22:597 . Young, D. C., '1980, Dark Adaptation in Five-Year-01d Children and Àdults, Vision Research 21:811. 114
Page 1 and 2:
NUTRTTiON SURVEY METHODS: EXPERiENC
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NUTRITION SURVEY I{ETHODS: EXPERIEN
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standardize a 1O-Second Dark Àdapt
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Finally, I wish to thank my wife, s
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.Vítamin A deficiency, a prevalent
Page 11 and 12:
¿. RESUTTS 30 Data Cleaning 30 Des
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF TÀBIES Table paqe 1. ¿. 3
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tIST OF FIGURES Fiqure '1. Relation
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Malnutrition
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Chapter 2 REVIEI^¡ OF THE TITERÀT
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growth. Measurable growth retardati
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LAND\ \ ÀGRI CULTURÀL PRODUCTION
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minimum salaries (indicator of low
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Possession of livestock (mirk anirn
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the 3rd percentile at about 7 to I
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Chavez and Ramirez (1963) also stat
Page 33 and 34:
Chapter 3 MATERIÀtS ÀND METHODS 3
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20 3 " 1 ,3 Food Production The siz
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22 (a) egricultural Variables (rood
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24 (E) uealth Variables (HeaIth Sta
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26 3,2 METHODS 3.2.1 Data collecLio
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dependent variables. À significanc
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 4 RESULTS 4.1 DATÀ CTEANIN
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32 TÀBtE '1 Age and sex distributi
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34 TABLE 5 Size of land cultivated
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36 TÀBLE 9 Classification of child
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38 4.3 ÀSSOCIATTON OF SOCIO-ECONOM
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40 TABTE 1 2 Effect of socio-econom
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42 important (in the current survey
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44 TABLE 1 5 Effects of child-feedi
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46 TÀBIE 1 7 Age, health and socio
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Chapter 5 ÐI SCUSSI ON More childr
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Whether or not the child rvas recei
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(r=-0.42; p
Page 69 and 70:
Chapter 6 CONCLUSION in this study,
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crops had significant effects on an
Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 7 iNTRODUCTION Vitamin A de
Page 75 and 76:
Chapter I REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8.1
Page 77 and 78: During dark adaptation, a large amo
Page 79 and 80: Classical Dark Àdaptation Test has
Page 81 and 82: 66 centrate on the test light as th
Page 83 and 84: test light. 68 The stimulus consist
Page 85 and 86: 70 TÀBIE 1 9 Comparison of scores
Page 87 and 88: (1977 ). nner using poker chips, ex
Page 89 and 90: there vras a complaint related to n
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 9 MÀTERIAtS ÀND METHODS 9
Page 93 and 94: 10-Second Test were used. in experi
Page 95 and 96: were identified. Errors were reflec
Page 97 and 98: 9.3.3 Experirnent iII 82 Five child
Page 99 and 100: Chapter '10 RESUTTS AND DISCUSSION
Page 101 and 102: 86 Test times of adult subjects Tes
Page 103 and 104: 88 Sources of variability in TÀBIE
Page 105 and 106: (p.0.0001 ), indicating that trial
Page 107 and 108: 92 l1 t6 t5 ^lq v¡ êt3 o H¡Z vt
Page 109 and 110: Decision Procedure, indicating that
Page 111 and 112: 96 10. 3 EXPERIMENT Iii : APPLICÀT
Page 113 and 114: 98 Sources of variabiJ.ity in (1971
Page 115 and 116: For the 7-10 year old group, the me
Page 117 and 118: slight modification was made on the
Page 119 and 120: Chapter '11 CONCTUSiON This study s
Page 121 and 122: In conclusion, Thornton's (1977 ) n
Page 123 and 124: Hakim, P., and Solimano, G., 1978,
Page 125 and 126: Simko, M.0., Cowe11, C. and Gilbrid
Page 127: PART II - BIBTIOGRÀPHY Brown, G. C
Page 131 and 132: QUESTi ONNAI RE Appendix B REPRESEN
Page 133 and 134: 118 ( ) 4. Divorced 18" Mother read
Page 135 and 136: 120 ( ) 4. For poultry purposes ( )
Page 137 and 138: 122 No. of all-owed repl i es : 1 .
Page 139 and 140: 124 ( ) 2. No ( ) 3. Not applicable
Page 141 and 142: 126 86. I^Ihy don't question ) you
Page 143 and 144: 128 108. I,ihat are the foods that
Page 145 and 146: 130 126 " Eco-zones No. of alLowed
Page 147 and 148: 132 I " He i gtrt of chi Id Cen t i
Page 149 and 150: 134 27. What are pregnant ? Months
Page 151 and 152: Appendix D LiST AND CODES OF STUDY
Page 153 and 154: Àppendix E LETTER OF PERMiSSION T0
Page 155 and 156: Appendix F LETTER OF REQUEST Univer
Page 157 and 158: My telephone number is: 142 Phone 4
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