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adaptation (not based on rod adaptation or purkinje-shift) could be developed and used for screening poor dark adapting or night blind individuals in a given population. This dark adaptation test used by Dhanamitta (1983) is similar to the '1O-Second Test used in the current study in that it was simple, easy to use, inexpensive and does not require cumbersome instrumentation and thus is appropriate for field condition. The testing instruction and procedure are not conrplicated and hence appropriate for use with children. However, the test had inherent sources of measurement variability. tight adaptation of subjects prior to dark adaptation was uneven since there rvas no control over total light. 101 The lighting condition in the dark room during the dark adaptation process was not fuIly controlled as more stray light was pcssible. Moreover, there was the likelihood of subjects locating the test object (placed one meter from the subject) by chance alone. In the case of the 1O-Second Test used in the current study, however, subjects were Light adapted for a fixed (1 minute) period of time, the light intensities for light adaptation and dark adaptation were sLandardized. In general, the 1O-Second Test was carried out in a more standardized and controlled setting than the dark adaptation test used by Dhanamitta et al. (1983). 10.4 EXPERiMENT IV: APPTICÀTI0N 0F À THE ÀGE OF FIVE 1O-SECOND TEST IN CHILDREN UNDER The subjects for experiment IV were children who were 3-112 to 5 year o1d. The dark adaptation test used in this group of children was similar to the 10-Second Test used in the 7-10 year old children (experiment III) in that the standard lesting conditions were the same. However, a
slight modification was made on the 1O-Second Test used wiLh 7-'10 year old children to make it simpler for use with under 5 year old children as described under methods for experiment IV. À11 of the five under five year old children were able to understand the testing instructions and had no difficulty in performing the test. 102 Test times of
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NUTRTTiON SURVEY METHODS: EXPERiENC
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NUTRITION SURVEY I{ETHODS: EXPERIEN
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standardize a 1O-Second Dark Àdapt
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Finally, I wish to thank my wife, s
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.Vítamin A deficiency, a prevalent
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¿. RESUTTS 30 Data Cleaning 30 Des
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF TÀBIES Table paqe 1. ¿. 3
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tIST OF FIGURES Fiqure '1. Relation
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Malnutrition
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Chapter 2 REVIEI^¡ OF THE TITERÀT
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growth. Measurable growth retardati
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LAND\ \ ÀGRI CULTURÀL PRODUCTION
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minimum salaries (indicator of low
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Possession of livestock (mirk anirn
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the 3rd percentile at about 7 to I
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Chavez and Ramirez (1963) also stat
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Chapter 3 MATERIÀtS ÀND METHODS 3
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20 3 " 1 ,3 Food Production The siz
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22 (a) egricultural Variables (rood
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24 (E) uealth Variables (HeaIth Sta
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26 3,2 METHODS 3.2.1 Data collecLio
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dependent variables. À significanc
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 4 RESULTS 4.1 DATÀ CTEANIN
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32 TÀBtE '1 Age and sex distributi
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34 TABLE 5 Size of land cultivated
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36 TÀBLE 9 Classification of child
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38 4.3 ÀSSOCIATTON OF SOCIO-ECONOM
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40 TABTE 1 2 Effect of socio-econom
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42 important (in the current survey
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44 TABLE 1 5 Effects of child-feedi
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46 TÀBIE 1 7 Age, health and socio
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Chapter 5 ÐI SCUSSI ON More childr
Page 65 and 66: Whether or not the child rvas recei
Page 67 and 68: (r=-0.42; p
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 6 CONCLUSION in this study,
Page 71 and 72: crops had significant effects on an
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 7 iNTRODUCTION Vitamin A de
Page 75 and 76: Chapter I REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8.1
Page 77 and 78: During dark adaptation, a large amo
Page 79 and 80: Classical Dark Àdaptation Test has
Page 81 and 82: 66 centrate on the test light as th
Page 83 and 84: test light. 68 The stimulus consist
Page 85 and 86: 70 TÀBIE 1 9 Comparison of scores
Page 87 and 88: (1977 ). nner using poker chips, ex
Page 89 and 90: there vras a complaint related to n
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 9 MÀTERIAtS ÀND METHODS 9
Page 93 and 94: 10-Second Test were used. in experi
Page 95 and 96: were identified. Errors were reflec
Page 97 and 98: 9.3.3 Experirnent iII 82 Five child
Page 99 and 100: Chapter '10 RESUTTS AND DISCUSSION
Page 101 and 102: 86 Test times of adult subjects Tes
Page 103 and 104: 88 Sources of variability in TÀBIE
Page 105 and 106: (p.0.0001 ), indicating that trial
Page 107 and 108: 92 l1 t6 t5 ^lq v¡ êt3 o H¡Z vt
Page 109 and 110: Decision Procedure, indicating that
Page 111 and 112: 96 10. 3 EXPERIMENT Iii : APPLICÀT
Page 113 and 114: 98 Sources of variabiJ.ity in (1971
Page 115: For the 7-10 year old group, the me
Page 119 and 120: Chapter '11 CONCTUSiON This study s
Page 121 and 122: In conclusion, Thornton's (1977 ) n
Page 123 and 124: Hakim, P., and Solimano, G., 1978,
Page 125 and 126: Simko, M.0., Cowe11, C. and Gilbrid
Page 127 and 128: PART II - BIBTIOGRÀPHY Brown, G. C
Page 129 and 130: Sommer,4., Katz, J., and Tarwotjo,
Page 131 and 132: QUESTi ONNAI RE Appendix B REPRESEN
Page 133 and 134: 118 ( ) 4. Divorced 18" Mother read
Page 135 and 136: 120 ( ) 4. For poultry purposes ( )
Page 137 and 138: 122 No. of all-owed repl i es : 1 .
Page 139 and 140: 124 ( ) 2. No ( ) 3. Not applicable
Page 141 and 142: 126 86. I^Ihy don't question ) you
Page 143 and 144: 128 108. I,ihat are the foods that
Page 145 and 146: 130 126 " Eco-zones No. of alLowed
Page 147 and 148: 132 I " He i gtrt of chi Id Cen t i
Page 149 and 150: 134 27. What are pregnant ? Months
Page 151 and 152: Appendix D LiST AND CODES OF STUDY
Page 153 and 154: Àppendix E LETTER OF PERMiSSION T0
Page 155 and 156: Appendix F LETTER OF REQUEST Univer
Page 157 and 158: My telephone number is: 142 Phone 4
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