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ÇUKUROVA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED ... ÇUKUROVA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED ...

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3. FUNDAMENTALS OF DVR Mustafa İNCİ V i i [ k ( V −V ) + k k ( V −V ) − i ] = k { } (3.22) f ref s c v ref l c The load side voltage for this control configuration is given by (3.23) Vload Gclose 1 Vref + Gclose2 = V (3.23) s Where G close1 is the closed-loop transfer function from the reference signal V ref to V load while G close2 is the closed-loop transfer function from the supply voltage V s to V load . These transfer functions (3.24) and (3.25) (Vilathgamuwa et al., 2002) : G ( nk k k + nk )( L s + r ) i c v i l l close1 ( s) = (3.24) 3 2 a1 ncvs + a2ncvs + a3ncvs + a4ncv G close 2 ( s) LL C s + 2 ( L r + Lr + kk L ) C s + ( r rC + (1− nk) L + kk rC ) s+ ( 1−nk) 3 l f f f l l f i c l f f l f i l i c l f i l = (3.25) 3 2 a1 ncvs + a2 ncvs + a3 ncvs + a4 ncv r Following a similar analysis as in open loop control method, it can be seen the real root of the characteristics equation can be approximately located at − 2 2 ( r + n r )/( L + n L ) l t L (Vilathgamuwa et al., 2006). t . Factorization of the characteristics equation yields 2 2 2 ( L + n L ) s + ( r + n r ) ( s + b s bncv) 3 2 a1 ncv s + a2ncvs + a3 ncvs + a4ncv ≈ b1 ncv{ l t l t } 2ncv + (3.26) Where b b ncv 2ncv 1 , and b 3 ncv are given in the Appendix. The expressions for the coefficients b b ncv 2ncv 1 , and b 3 ncv show that the two dominant complex poles depend largely on the values of the filter inductance, filter resistance as well as the capacitor current loop gain k c . Furthermore it can be shown that the real part of these poles is − ( rf + kikc )/ 2L f . This is a very useful feature 41

3. FUNDAMENTALS OF DVR Mustafa İNCİ because there is now an additional flexibility in the design introduced by the factor k c . For a given k i , the value of k c can be chosen such that k k >> r and a corresponding increase in the real part of the complex poles is obtained. Thus the damping level can be increased with an increase of the capacitor current gain (Vilathgamuwa et al., 2006). The resulting system can be seen to have the natural damping frequency ω nncv i c f r + n r + n r + nk k k r 1 2 2 l t f i c v l 1+ nk k k ω nncv = ≈ == 1+ nk k k . (3.27) i c v 2 i c v ( rl + n rt ) Lf C f Lf C f Lf C f The natural damping frequency of the closed loop system is therefore approximately 1 + nk k k times filter resonance frequency(Vilathgamuwa et al., i c v 2002). System damping and stability margin can be improved by properly selecting the gains k c and k v . These gains are determined for a given design specification by deriving transfer function between load and the reference voltage. Further analysis reveals that the increase of current gain tends to increase the damping level while the increase of voltage gain k v , tends to decrease it. As the feed forward gain presents only in the numerator of the transfer function it does not contribute to improve system damping and stability margin. However it can be independently adjusted to decrease steady state error of compensated load voltage. However it can be independently adjusted to decrease steady state error of compensated load voltage (Vilathgamuwa et al., 2006). k f , 3.3.6. Gate Signal Generation Gate signals are used to control of the electrical switches in inverter. The rms value of output voltage in inverter is controlled by turning the solid-state devices. 42

3. FUNDAMENTALS <strong>OF</strong> DVR Mustafa İNCİ<br />

V<br />

i<br />

i<br />

[ k ( V −V<br />

) + k k ( V −V<br />

) − i ]<br />

= k<br />

{ }<br />

(3.22)<br />

f<br />

ref<br />

s<br />

c<br />

v<br />

ref<br />

l<br />

c<br />

The load side voltage for this control configuration is given by (3.23)<br />

Vload<br />

Gclose<br />

1<br />

Vref<br />

+ Gclose2<br />

= V<br />

(3.23)<br />

s<br />

Where G<br />

close1<br />

is the closed-loop transfer function from the reference signal<br />

V<br />

ref<br />

to V<br />

load<br />

while G<br />

close2<br />

is the closed-loop transfer function from the supply voltage<br />

V<br />

s<br />

to V<br />

load<br />

. These transfer functions (3.24) and (3.25) (Vilathgamuwa et al., 2002) :<br />

G<br />

( nk k k + nk )( L s + r )<br />

i c v i l l<br />

close1 ( s)<br />

= (3.24)<br />

3<br />

2<br />

a1<br />

ncvs<br />

+ a2ncvs<br />

+ a3ncvs<br />

+ a4ncv<br />

G<br />

close 2<br />

( s)<br />

LL C s +<br />

2<br />

( L r + Lr + kk L ) C s + ( r rC + (1−<br />

nk)<br />

L + kk rC ) s+<br />

( 1−nk)<br />

3<br />

l f f f l l f i c l f f l f i l i c l f<br />

i l<br />

= (3.25)<br />

3 2<br />

a1<br />

ncvs<br />

+ a2<br />

ncvs<br />

+ a3<br />

ncvs<br />

+ a4<br />

ncv<br />

r<br />

Following a similar analysis as in open loop control method, it can be seen<br />

the real root of the characteristics equation can be approximately located at<br />

−<br />

2<br />

2<br />

( r + n r )/( L + n L )<br />

l<br />

t<br />

L<br />

(Vilathgamuwa et al., 2006).<br />

t<br />

. Factorization of the characteristics equation yields<br />

2<br />

2 2<br />

( L + n L ) s + ( r + n r ) ( s + b s bncv)<br />

3 2<br />

a1 ncv<br />

s + a2ncvs<br />

+ a3<br />

ncvs<br />

+ a4ncv<br />

≈ b1<br />

ncv{ l t l t<br />

}<br />

2ncv<br />

+ (3.26)<br />

Where<br />

b b ncv 2ncv<br />

1<br />

, and b 3 ncv<br />

are given in the Appendix.<br />

The expressions for the coefficients<br />

b b ncv 2ncv<br />

1<br />

, and b 3 ncv<br />

show that the two<br />

dominant complex poles depend largely on the values of the filter inductance, filter<br />

resistance as well as the capacitor current loop gain k<br />

c<br />

. Furthermore it can be shown<br />

that the real part of these poles is − ( rf<br />

+ kikc<br />

)/<br />

2L<br />

f<br />

. This is a very useful feature<br />

41

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