novel approaches to expression and detection of oestrus in dairy cows

accuracy, a 360° prism was used attached to a pole, along with a UWB MU
and tracked by a surveyor’s total station (TCA2003, Leica Geosystems,
Switzerland). The total station is a machine that measures the position of
the prism by making angle and distance measurements using reflections of
infrared light, to calculate the exact position coordinates of the prism. The
position of the prism recorded via the total station, defining a ‘groundtruth’
position, was compared with the position recorded from the MU in
reference to the BU network and relayed back to the computer in order to
test the horizontal accuracy of static and kinematic positioning. Figure 4.5
shows the static test results and Figure 4.6 demonstrates the kinematic
test results. Due to the different sampling rate between the two
measurements (total station and UWB), these points cannot match each
other one-to-one, but these figures demonstrate that the position
calculated by the total station compares well with the UWB position in the
horizontal, X and Y axis. The total station provides millimetre level
accuracy which is treated as the true position, therefore when comparing
the UWB position against the total station position; UWB achieved 2 to 3cm
accuracy in the horizontal dimension.
Figure 4.3 UWB mobile unit set up,
connected to a 12 Volt battery
Figure 4.4 Mobile unit and battery
set up in backpack monitoring cow
movement
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