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Location Depth Liquid Limit (%) Plastic Limit (%) PI (%) Volumetric Shrinkage (%) Tp1-1 1.5 95.5 32.1 63.4 13.20 Tp2-1 1.5 82 28.3 53.7 17.00 Tp3-1 1.5 87.8 33 54.8 14.30 Tp4-1 2 81.3 27.6 53.7 15.20 Tp5-1 1.5 84.8 35.5 49.3 19.10 Tp6-1 1.5 90 29.1 60.9 16.00 Tp7-1 2 93.5 24.6 68.9 14.10 Tp8-1 2 93 31.4 61.6 17.70 Tp9-1 2 93.5 29.3 64.2 18.40 Tp10-1 2 82.8 31.7 51.1 14.80 Tp11-1 1.5 89.5 25.5 64 13.90 Tp12-1 1.5 80 25.4 54.6 17.90 Tp13-1 1.5 91 33.6 57.4 15.00 Note: Test Results from Tp1-Tp 13 are taken from [8 ] According to Seed, Woodward and Lundgreen, Plasticity Index is a parameter which can be used as a preliminary indicator of the swelling characteristics of a soil. But it should be noted here that high index property doesn’t necessarily mean high swelling potential while the converse may be true. The following values are proposed to relate swelling potential with index property. 18
Swell Potential Plasticity Index Low 0-15 Medium 10-35 High 20-55 Very High 35 and above Swelling Potential and Plasticity Index Ranges [5] : Relating the Plasticity Index of the soil of the study area with the above given range reveals that the soil falls in the range of very high swelling potential. Shrinkage Limit is used also as a guide to the determination of potential expansiveness. Altmayer suggested the following relation. Shrinkage Limit Degree of Expansion Less than 10 Critical 10-12 Marginal Greater than 12 Non Critical Shrinkage Limit and Degree of Expansion Range [5]: 3.2.2 Specific Gravity Test Specific gravity of soil is the ratio of the unit weight of solids in the soil to the unit weight of water. Determination of specific gravity is important for it is useful to determine the diameter of the soil grains in hydrometer analysis. For the study area the specific gravity of the samples is determined using ASTM D 854-83 [ 2 ] and the result is given in Table 5. 19
Page 1 and 2: ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GR
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION I, the undersigned, dec
Page 5 and 6: List of Tables Page Table 1: Mean M
Page 7 and 8: List of Symbols A c = Activity ω l
Page 9 and 10: 1. Introduction 1.1 General Bahir D
Page 11 and 12: Recent Map of Bahir Dar Area Accord
Page 13 and 14: 1.4 Lithologic Units and Soils Resi
Page 15 and 16: 2. Literature Review 2.1 General Pl
Page 17 and 18: Soil water chemistry Soil water has
Page 19 and 20: 2.3.2 Direct Measurement This type
Page 21 and 22: 3. Identification of Soil in the St
Page 23 and 24: Location Color Depth Northing Easti
Page 25: Table 4. Atterberg and Shrinkage Li
Page 29 and 30: Location Depth Gs Tp4-1 1.5 2.78 Tp
Page 31 and 32: Location Depth Sand (%) Silt(%) Cla
Page 33 and 34: Location Depth ω 24 (%) Kebele 9 2
Page 35 and 36: Table 9 : Free Swell Test Results o
Page 37 and 38: For the study area the CEC is deter
Page 39 and 40: 4. Soil Classification Soil classif
Page 41 and 42: 100 Plastic Index (%) 80 60 40 20 0
Page 43 and 44: I ) Clay Content and Plasticity Ind
Page 45 and 46: 5 Determination of Swelling Pressur
Page 47 and 48: 5.1 Swelling Pressure and Index Pro
Page 49 and 50: 3 Log Sp (Kpa) 2 1 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Dr
Page 51 and 52: 600.00 Swelling pressure (Kpa) 500.
Page 53 and 54: 6.1 Models Developed by Various Res
Page 55 and 56: Table 13. Comparison of Previously
Page 57 and 58: Using the above new equations the s
Page 59 and 60: Equation 2 800 Calculated Value (Kp
Page 61 and 62: Equation 6 Calculated Value (Kpa) 9
Page 63 and 64: Conclusion and Recommendation 1. Th

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY ...

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