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ACKNO\EDGEMENTS I wish to thank all those who have assisted me in this work . Although it is not possible to name them all, I would like to mention especially the following: - Dr M. Roe of the Department of History, University of Tasmania, for suggesting the topic, for reading the manuscript and for his advice; Mrs M. Nicholls for introducing me to vailable sources of material in Hobart; the Staff of the Archives Office of Tasmania; Mr G. Stilwell; Sir William Crowther; Mr J. Thornton of St. Bartholomew' s Hospital Library for the gift of his book on J. Abernethy , and the Staff of the Wellcome Research Foundation for Medical History, London. I would particularly like to thank the Interloan Section of the Tasmanian University Library and the History Department for their assistance in obtaining articles by E.S. Hall. Also, I wish to thank the typists of the History Department for typing the first draft of the thesis and Mrs Rosalyn Behrens for her invaluable work in typing the final copy. Lastly I wish to thank my son, Philip, for his insistence some years ago that I put my time to better use and my husband, Les lie, whose encouragement and financial support made it possible for me to do this work. E.F. Haynes December, 1976.
vi ABBREVIATIONS CSO & CSD GOl & GO 33 G046 E.C. Con. Cen. H.A.P. L.C.J. A.M.J. P.P.R.S. Trans. Epid. Soc. A.O.T. Tas . Col . v. pp. Colonial Secretar ies' Office (or Department) Papers, followed by the series, volume and page numbers. Governors1 Inward and Outward despatches followed by the volume and page numbers . Reports to the Governors by the Convict Department , followed by the volume and page numbers . Executive Council Records. Convict Records . Census Records . House of Assembly Papers . Legislative Council Journals. Australian Medical Journal . Papers & Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Transactions of the Epidemiological Society. Archives Office of Tasmania. Tasmanian Collection. Volume . Pages.
Page 1 and 2: EDWARD SWARBRECK HALL MEDICAL SCIEN
Page 3 and 4: "WHATEVER BETIDE, FOR THE RIGHT ! "
Page 5 and 6: I' .· . ·, ) ,. ' ii Section Four
Page 7: iv Firstly: In the beginning it was
Page 11 and 12: , t . t ! -- ·--- - ----·---___ -
Page 13 and 14: Arnold Joost Von Keppell, (afterwar
Page 15 and 16: 4 the peculiar prob lems of those o
Page 17 and 18: 6 four childrn; John Fotheri.ngham
Page 19 and 20: 8 CHAPTER 2 HOBART TOWN In 1833 Hob
Page 21 and 22: 10 the attainment of land in the co
Page 23 and 24: 12 service l11hich they received fr
Page 25 and 26: 0 14 the Church of England, the Wes
Page 27 and 28: 16 On one point only, Government of
Page 29 and 30: 18 CHAPTER 3 THE MEDICAL CLIMATE Un
Page 31 and 32: ! ' ! : ; ( t :I . r • ' .· ')
Page 33 and 34: 22 ' in the world where so many acc
Page 35 and 36: 24 CHAPTER 4 BRIGHTON Brighton, a d
Page 37 and 38: 26 capable of·. affordi_ng efficie
Page 39 and 40: Jf?-;'1::; : 28 appointment . · Fo
Page 41 and 42: 30 sleeping huts at Bagdad Bridge S
Page 43 and 44: 32 \'IOuld be deemed "legally quali
Page 45 and 46: 34 CHAPTER 5 THE PROBATION SYSTEM M
Page 47 and 48: 36 information on this question, an
Page 49 and 50: 38 discipline, 1dth which so many o
Page 51 and 52: 40 2 kinds of tickets of leave . 1.
Page 53 and 54: 42 superintending officers to warn,
Page 55 and 56: 44 minutes later, on the ringing of
Page 57 and 58: 46 attendance, and the doctor Nas n
Page 59 and 60:
_;tf- ' ,;I :.; .: r-ij < 48 Offic
Page 61 and 62:
so .,. j ,•· cared for the chil
Page 63 and 64:
52 ; ! ( ·. its Properties'1 (Garr
Page 65 and 66:
54 -I as by the attachment of a spi
Page 67 and 68:
56 on the Saturday evening he and B
Page 69 and 70:
58 jointly for services by the two
Page 71 and 72:
60 employed as a Medical Attendant
Page 73 and 74:
62 alongside the roadway many a whi
Page 75 and 76:
64 ' I . t. [ 't.l he was shocked b
Page 77 and 78:
Schaw Is removal from Bothwe ll was
Page 79 and 80:
.·;_ I'J,'l!;r. 68 ·The meeti.ng
Page 81 and 82:
70 Arnott affair, Schaw and Wigmore
Page 83 and 84:
:.f .. ·' -· ,. ' • i . • l
Page 85 and 86:
74 promptitude ? And ought not thes
Page 87 and 88:
fears ·that Sadler would die durin
Page 89 and 90:
78 Strict allegiance to and the con
Page 91 and 92:
80 i I. I we at present experience
Page 93 and 94:
. . 82 they had any cause to compl
Page 95 and 96:
84 WESTBURY Sadly leaving a tiny gr
Page 97 and 98:
" ·- 86 Around the station the lan
Page 99 and 100:
·r· '.;.·. v. t '· f 88 to the
Page 101 and 102:
90 ,. private service. On the 31st
Page 103 and 104:
92 OATLANDS From Jerusalem Hall tra
Page 105:
94 >ho assisted Hall to put into ac
Page 108 and 109:
97 ROSS Early in 1850, on the break
Page 110 and 111:
1 I ' • . I 99 were floored and c
Page 112 and 113:
• :.! ."' :,.r.& . -:; . r· ( 10
Page 114 and 115:
i ., 103 acting conscientiously for
Page 116 and 117:
•, .:: · t . .. 105 Hal l's of
Page 118 and 119:
, ...,. .. r: ;.:. ,!. . . ; . 10
Page 120 and 121:
109 f ' According to the "Lunatic A
Page 122 and 123:
111 Hall's attempts at reform were
Page 124 and 125:
I ' Q 113 though not caused solely
Page 126 and 127:
·' . f . 115 As far as Hall's appo
Page 128 and 129:
117 CHAPTER 7 HOBART TOWN AGAIN The
Page 130 and 131:
.., ·;.:), '·).1 'J,.J, , ·....
Page 132 and 133:
: . 121 they needed much greater ef
Page 134 and 135:
123 . . 1• scruples or one drachm
Page 136 and 137:
125 Being :torewarned, are we forea
Page 138 and 139:
127 Hall1s work was very arduous bu
Page 140 and 141:
;·•L . .... . . . ,• . . • J
Page 142 and 143:
J 131 By the Act of Counci 1 11Anno
Page 144 and 145:
..· 133 open shed for shelter; alt
Page 146 and 147:
... . I ' 135 The paper suggested t
Page 148 and 149:
137 Although political temper and c
Page 150 and 151:
\ 139 further ·behind improvements
Page 152 and 153:
141 \oJri te to me all by yourself.
Page 154 and 155:
1·13 ro llt.:d fro::1 ·li llr..:r
Page 156 and 157:
145 has been so admirab ly dealt wi
Page 158 and 159:
I i: 147 constitutional grounds , t
Page 160 and 161:
149 attend at the Bar of the House
Page 162 and 163:
151 Although the Governor • s per
Page 164 and 165:
153 guilt or othen'lise of the conv
Page 166 and 167:
155 to .consider those great works
Page 168 and 169:
157 I cannot but think you were wro
Page 170 and 171:
159 \as described by Hal l as a "ve
Page 172 and 173:
"1 61 --- Every addition to our sto
Page 174 and 175:
163 improvement which could not be
Page 176 and 177:
165 Recalling the dry spring and su
Page 178 and 179:
167 establishment of a new cemetery
Page 180 and 181:
169 Hal l's extreme concern at the
Page 182 and 183:
171 Furthermore, in October 1856 ,
Page 184 and 185:
173 on the same day, it, neverthele
Page 186 and 187:
175 by D. E. Wilkie, he declared th
Page 188 and 189:
177 of the Vital Statistics of Hoba
Page 190 and 191:
179 Carefully and precisely Hall se
Page 192 and 193:
181 '.I CHAPTER 12 CONFLICT Essenti
Page 194 and 195:
183 we may be ab le to keep pace in
Page 196 and 197:
185 of meat per day to counteract t
Page 198 and 199:
187 He urged that no reliance could
Page 200 and 201:
as a Quarantine Station. 189 He agr
Page 202 and 203:
191 inmates of the Hospital, one of
Page 204 and 205:
193 independent body.l3 Obviously,
Page 206 and 207:
195 CHAPTER 13 HEALTH REPORTS In an
Page 208 and 209:
:·· . ,. l 197 sufficient to prod
Page 210 and 211:
199 Yet, Hal l's article cone luded
Page 212 and 213:
201 teething, quin zy, gastritis ,
Page 214 and 215:
203 CHAPTER 14 THE SANITARIUM FOR I
Page 216 and 217:
205 many peculiar advantages to inv
Page 218 and 219:
207 He. considered neither Hobarton
Page 220 and 221:
209 anything else , the Commission'
Page 222 and 223:
211 It recommended the Government t
Page 224 and 225:
213 Although Hal l's letter did not
Page 226 and 227:
215 together. Joints of meat to be
Page 228 and 229:
217 confusion to free thems elves f
Page 230 and 231:
219 Not only, however , was the poo
Page 232 and 233:
·' .. , 221 to Hal l's support. la
Page 234 and 235:
223 CHAPTER 16 MEDICAL SCIENCE With
Page 236 and 237:
225 kno\'lledge of the anatomical s
Page 238 and 239:
227 little cause to dread the dange
Page 240 and 241:
229 For the first time, he stated h
Page 242 and 243:
231 Tasmanian institution they foun
Page 244 and 245:
233 be allowed to speak if he was n
Page 246 and 247:
235 one quarter of the average for
Page 248 and 249:
237 influenza \'las more fatal to t
Page 250 and 251:
239 CHAPTER 17 CONFRONTATION Howeve
Page 252 and 253:
241 Hobarton Nas certainly the rich
Page 254 and 255:
and the system of punishment used.
Page 256 and 257:
J. Doughty E. S. Hall 245 £1.1.0.
Page 258 and 259:
247 another note of accusation, Hal
Page 260 and 261:
249 CrO\'Ither 's letterl ' which H
Page 262 and 263:
251 be defined by Parliament, and t
Page 264 and 265:
253 cause of justice, truth and hum
Page 266 and 267:
monies . 2 Superfi cially, Bedford'
Page 268 and 269:
257 daily repasts. Baked meat and p
Page 270 and 271:
.. 259 enquire into the Public Serv
Page 272 and 273:
261 children, of ages corresponding
Page 274 and 275:
263 Specifically , Hall's activitie
Page 276 and 277:
265 unhappy economic predicament .
Page 278 and 279:
9 267 this island ch osen the Sanit
Page 280 and 281:
269 \'lh i ch , together with anoth
Page 282 and 283:
271 2. The extent of cloudy sky has
Page 284 and 285:
. · ' ennumerated population. 273
Page 286 and 287:
• 275 The annual average of death
Page 288 and 289:
·, 277 11carefully elaborated" pap
Page 290 and 291:
279 . ' S E C T I 0 N F 0 U R COLON
Page 292 and 293:
! 281 J. Perkins to question in Par
Page 294 and 295:
283 appointment ; that he should ha
Page 296 and 297:
vaccination of their children" ; 28
Page 298 and 299:
,· 287 the total amount disbursed
Page 300 and 301:
289 Vaccination in Tasmania", later
Page 302 and 303:
I ' 1 I•. 291 From November 1, 18
Page 304 and 305:
293 Petition as "very sensible" , t
Page 306 and 307:
·'· 295 the Premier, A. Kenner le
Page 308 and 309:
297 subsidy of £800 granted by the
Page 310 and 311:
299 anything to eat but pig potatoe
Page 312 and 313:
six and over, was an extravagance;
Page 314 and 315:
303 £19 .10.11 in 1866. 13 In its
Page 316 and 317:
·.. 305 decrease in staff, better
Page 318 and 319:
307 Colonial Secretary and to warn
Page 320 and 321:
309 age of twelve to face a grim an
Page 322 and 323:
-. 3ll On July 4, 1873, Parliament,
Page 324 and 325:
313 Yet he found the children gainf
Page 326 and 327:
315 CHAPTER 22 HEALTH OFFICER On Au
Page 328 and 329:
317 He then described in detail Bar
Page 330 and 331:
319 observations for the next five
Page 332 and 333:
321 i1wratitudu, he has stuck to hi
Page 334 and 335:
323 people - at Brighton in Septemb
Page 336 and 337:
325 at its Twentieth Annual Meeting
Page 338 and 339:
·• 327 public men . Such an outb
Page 340 and 341:
329 THE HALL FAMILY EDWARD SWARBREC
Page 342 and 343:
331 ;.... ier, January 1, 1858. Glu
Page 344 and 345:
333 The temperature mean \'las 60 .
Page 346 and 347:
335 In the Constitutional class the
Page 348 and 349:
337 BIBLIOGRAPHY This study was res
Page 350 and 351:
_.-, 339 14. "On a Probably New Spe
Page 352 and 353:
.· 341 5. Vaccination and Smallpox
Page 354 and 355:
343 PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES REFERR
Page 356 and 357:
HISTORY OF IEDICINE IN TASMANIA 345
Page 358 and 359:
347 IMPORTANT ARTICLES, REPORTS , E
Page 360 and 361:
349 9. Non-State Papers (cont.) 0
Page 362 and 363:
351 CROWfHER COLLECTION Crowther Fi
Page 364:
353 ENGLISH BOOKS R. Lambert, Sir J
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