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• 275 The annual average of deaths from all causes in the Hob arton registration district in the five years ending 1857-1861 was 602 3 / 5 , Nhich gives a death rate of about 24 per 1000 per annum - the population in 1861 \'las 24,773. Contrasted with the rural death rate of 12 per 1000 , there is an enormous disparity, which cannot be attributed to any other causes than those· whi ch produce similar results in the cities of the Old World, viz., the neglect of sanitary measures . No city could have a more healthy and more advantageous site than Hobarton , but defective water supply, inefficient sewerage, cesspools, internment of the dead in the midst of the living, great disregard of ventilation, etc. , existed during the period under review , and still exist, although I trust it will be but for a short time longer. In a few weeks , a \'later supply of incomparab le purity wi 11 be in full operation. Measures have been also initiated for a thorough system of sewerage. Other sanitar y defects , it is to be hoped, will be reformed sooner or later. 2 2 In its review on July 25, 1863, the British Medical Journal considered that the paper reflected the highest credit on Hal l's professional zeal and intelligence. However, The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review , whi lst it agreed the article was well written, \>las not altogether satisfied that the high incidence of diseases of the nervous and circulating systems , higher than in Britain , was due to the sudden and great changes of temperature to which the climate was subject, as he suggested. 23 Hall described the Society's reaction to his paper in a letter to the Colonial Secretary, J. Whyte, on July 9, 1863 . I had a special note of thanks from the Epidemiological Society of London , which has elected me an Honorary Corresponding Member. In the discussion that ensued when Dr Milroy read my communication, my sanitary labours \ere highly eulogized by the most eminent men of the day in this department of medical science . Especially may I refer to that of Dr Farr, the head of the Vital Department of the Registry of Eng land and Wales , being the first authority in the world on everything that related to Pub lic Health. 24 By early 1863 Hall's credibility was assured , yet success had not been won without personal suffering ; certainly he would have been less than human if the long struggle and bitter opposition had not distressed him. Especially, he found it difficult to forgive the Indian Sanitarium Commissioners whose unworthy report had thrown such a poor light on Tasmania overseas. Therefore, when he received a copy of ·:. : 22 23 24 E. S. Hal l, "On the Epidemic Diseases of Tasmania'1, Trans . Epi d. Soc . London, 1867, Vol . 2, pp. 69-87. The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review , Jan-April 1866 , Vol . 37, p. 246 . CSD 4/44/B602 . • ... : .
' i, 276 the second of the Annual Statistical , Sanitary and Medical Reports of the British Army Medical Department, he immediately reaffirmed the correctness of his own viewpoint. It is a large octavo volume of nearly 500 pages and, abounds with information of the most comprehensive and valuable nature as to the fruits of the reforms initiated by the Army Sanitary Commission, of whi ch the lamented Lord Herbert was chairman. Were I to extract largely on all the points which bear upon my labors as a Sanitary Reformer in this colony, I should occupy an undue space in your columns , but I purpose from time to time to furnish you with such condensed notices as wi 11 show that most of \
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EDWARD SWARBRECK HALL MEDICAL SCIEN
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"WHATEVER BETIDE, FOR THE RIGHT ! "
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I' .· . ·, ) ,. ' ii Section Four
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iv Firstly: In the beginning it was
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vi ABBREVIATIONS CSO & CSD GOl & GO
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, t . t ! -- ·--- - ----·---___ -
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Arnold Joost Von Keppell, (afterwar
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4 the peculiar prob lems of those o
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6 four childrn; John Fotheri.ngham
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8 CHAPTER 2 HOBART TOWN In 1833 Hob
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10 the attainment of land in the co
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12 service l11hich they received fr
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0 14 the Church of England, the Wes
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16 On one point only, Government of
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18 CHAPTER 3 THE MEDICAL CLIMATE Un
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! ' ! : ; ( t :I . r • ' .· ')
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22 ' in the world where so many acc
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24 CHAPTER 4 BRIGHTON Brighton, a d
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26 capable of·. affordi_ng efficie
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Jf?-;'1::; : 28 appointment . · Fo
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30 sleeping huts at Bagdad Bridge S
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32 \'IOuld be deemed "legally quali
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34 CHAPTER 5 THE PROBATION SYSTEM M
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36 information on this question, an
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38 discipline, 1dth which so many o
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40 2 kinds of tickets of leave . 1.
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42 superintending officers to warn,
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44 minutes later, on the ringing of
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46 attendance, and the doctor Nas n
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_;tf- ' ,;I :.; .: r-ij < 48 Offic
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so .,. j ,•· cared for the chil
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52 ; ! ( ·. its Properties'1 (Garr
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54 -I as by the attachment of a spi
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56 on the Saturday evening he and B
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58 jointly for services by the two
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60 employed as a Medical Attendant
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62 alongside the roadway many a whi
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64 ' I . t. [ 't.l he was shocked b
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Schaw Is removal from Bothwe ll was
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.·;_ I'J,'l!;r. 68 ·The meeti.ng
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70 Arnott affair, Schaw and Wigmore
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:.f .. ·' -· ,. ' • i . • l
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74 promptitude ? And ought not thes
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fears ·that Sadler would die durin
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78 Strict allegiance to and the con
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80 i I. I we at present experience
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. . 82 they had any cause to compl
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84 WESTBURY Sadly leaving a tiny gr
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" ·- 86 Around the station the lan
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·r· '.;.·. v. t '· f 88 to the
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90 ,. private service. On the 31st
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92 OATLANDS From Jerusalem Hall tra
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94 >ho assisted Hall to put into ac
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97 ROSS Early in 1850, on the break
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1 I ' • . I 99 were floored and c
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• :.! ."' :,.r.& . -:; . r· ( 10
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i ., 103 acting conscientiously for
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•, .:: · t . .. 105 Hal l's of
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, ...,. .. r: ;.:. ,!. . . ; . 10
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109 f ' According to the "Lunatic A
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111 Hall's attempts at reform were
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I ' Q 113 though not caused solely
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·' . f . 115 As far as Hall's appo
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117 CHAPTER 7 HOBART TOWN AGAIN The
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.., ·;.:), '·).1 'J,.J, , ·....
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: . 121 they needed much greater ef
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123 . . 1• scruples or one drachm
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125 Being :torewarned, are we forea
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127 Hall1s work was very arduous bu
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;·•L . .... . . . ,• . . • J
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J 131 By the Act of Counci 1 11Anno
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..· 133 open shed for shelter; alt
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... . I ' 135 The paper suggested t
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137 Although political temper and c
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\ 139 further ·behind improvements
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141 \oJri te to me all by yourself.
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1·13 ro llt.:d fro::1 ·li llr..:r
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145 has been so admirab ly dealt wi
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I i: 147 constitutional grounds , t
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149 attend at the Bar of the House
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151 Although the Governor • s per
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153 guilt or othen'lise of the conv
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155 to .consider those great works
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157 I cannot but think you were wro
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159 \as described by Hal l as a "ve
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"1 61 --- Every addition to our sto
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163 improvement which could not be
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165 Recalling the dry spring and su
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167 establishment of a new cemetery
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169 Hal l's extreme concern at the
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171 Furthermore, in October 1856 ,
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173 on the same day, it, neverthele
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175 by D. E. Wilkie, he declared th
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177 of the Vital Statistics of Hoba
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179 Carefully and precisely Hall se
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181 '.I CHAPTER 12 CONFLICT Essenti
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183 we may be ab le to keep pace in
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185 of meat per day to counteract t
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187 He urged that no reliance could
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as a Quarantine Station. 189 He agr
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191 inmates of the Hospital, one of
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193 independent body.l3 Obviously,
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195 CHAPTER 13 HEALTH REPORTS In an
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:·· . ,. l 197 sufficient to prod
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199 Yet, Hal l's article cone luded
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201 teething, quin zy, gastritis ,
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203 CHAPTER 14 THE SANITARIUM FOR I
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205 many peculiar advantages to inv
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207 He. considered neither Hobarton
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209 anything else , the Commission'
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211 It recommended the Government t
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213 Although Hal l's letter did not
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215 together. Joints of meat to be
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217 confusion to free thems elves f
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219 Not only, however , was the poo
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·' .. , 221 to Hal l's support. la
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223 CHAPTER 16 MEDICAL SCIENCE With
Page 236 and 237: 225 kno\'lledge of the anatomical s
Page 238 and 239: 227 little cause to dread the dange
Page 240 and 241: 229 For the first time, he stated h
Page 242 and 243: 231 Tasmanian institution they foun
Page 244 and 245: 233 be allowed to speak if he was n
Page 246 and 247: 235 one quarter of the average for
Page 248 and 249: 237 influenza \'las more fatal to t
Page 250 and 251: 239 CHAPTER 17 CONFRONTATION Howeve
Page 252 and 253: 241 Hobarton Nas certainly the rich
Page 254 and 255: and the system of punishment used.
Page 256 and 257: J. Doughty E. S. Hall 245 £1.1.0.
Page 258 and 259: 247 another note of accusation, Hal
Page 260 and 261: 249 CrO\'Ither 's letterl ' which H
Page 262 and 263: 251 be defined by Parliament, and t
Page 264 and 265: 253 cause of justice, truth and hum
Page 266 and 267: monies . 2 Superfi cially, Bedford'
Page 268 and 269: 257 daily repasts. Baked meat and p
Page 270 and 271: .. 259 enquire into the Public Serv
Page 272 and 273: 261 children, of ages corresponding
Page 274 and 275: 263 Specifically , Hall's activitie
Page 276 and 277: 265 unhappy economic predicament .
Page 278 and 279: 9 267 this island ch osen the Sanit
Page 280 and 281: 269 \'lh i ch , together with anoth
Page 282 and 283: 271 2. The extent of cloudy sky has
Page 284 and 285: . · ' ennumerated population. 273
Page 288 and 289: ·, 277 11carefully elaborated" pap
Page 290 and 291: 279 . ' S E C T I 0 N F 0 U R COLON
Page 292 and 293: ! 281 J. Perkins to question in Par
Page 294 and 295: 283 appointment ; that he should ha
Page 296 and 297: vaccination of their children" ; 28
Page 298 and 299: ,· 287 the total amount disbursed
Page 300 and 301: 289 Vaccination in Tasmania", later
Page 302 and 303: I ' 1 I•. 291 From November 1, 18
Page 304 and 305: 293 Petition as "very sensible" , t
Page 306 and 307: ·'· 295 the Premier, A. Kenner le
Page 308 and 309: 297 subsidy of £800 granted by the
Page 310 and 311: 299 anything to eat but pig potatoe
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Page 314 and 315: 303 £19 .10.11 in 1866. 13 In its
Page 316 and 317: ·.. 305 decrease in staff, better
Page 318 and 319: 307 Colonial Secretary and to warn
Page 320 and 321: 309 age of twelve to face a grim an
Page 322 and 323: -. 3ll On July 4, 1873, Parliament,
Page 324 and 325: 313 Yet he found the children gainf
Page 326 and 327: 315 CHAPTER 22 HEALTH OFFICER On Au
Page 328 and 329: 317 He then described in detail Bar
Page 330 and 331: 319 observations for the next five
Page 332 and 333: 321 i1wratitudu, he has stuck to hi
Page 334 and 335: 323 people - at Brighton in Septemb
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325 at its Twentieth Annual Meeting
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·• 327 public men . Such an outb
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329 THE HALL FAMILY EDWARD SWARBREC
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331 ;.... ier, January 1, 1858. Glu
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333 The temperature mean \'las 60 .
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335 In the Constitutional class the
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337 BIBLIOGRAPHY This study was res
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_.-, 339 14. "On a Probably New Spe
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.· 341 5. Vaccination and Smallpox
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343 PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES REFERR
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HISTORY OF IEDICINE IN TASMANIA 345
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347 IMPORTANT ARTICLES, REPORTS , E
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349 9. Non-State Papers (cont.) 0
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351 CROWfHER COLLECTION Crowther Fi
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353 ENGLISH BOOKS R. Lambert, Sir J
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