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Figures
Figure 1.1
The cropping and pasture land in the 300-600 mm mean annual rainfall zones of WA
(top) and south eastern Australia (bottom) ...................................................................... 6
Figure 1.2 The cane growing regions on the NE seaboard of Australia (source :
www.canegrowers.com.au) ............................................................................................. 7
Figure 1.3 Two row alley farming on the contour near Trayning WA. ............................................ 9
Figure 1.4 The mallee belt system integrated with agriculture ...................................................... 13
Figure 1.5 Six year old E. loxophleba subsp. Lissophloia .............................................................. 16
Figure 2.1 Layout of Australian standard ‘chopped cane’ sugarcane harvester ............................. 30
Figure 2.2 Biosystems Engineering prototype woody crop harvester ............................................ 32
Figure 2.3 Ex-harvester mallee biomass (left) and after screening (right). .................................... 35
Figure 2.4 Wheel spacing 1.5 m row spacing – 1.85 m wheel spacing .......................................... 37
Figure 2.5 Wheel spacing: 1.85 m wheel spacing - dual row ......................................................... 37
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
The top of a mallee lignotuber removed by the harvester’s saw (above) and the
condition of the site with cleanly cut stumps after passage of the harvester (right) ..... 44
Effect of crop size on maximum harvester (tracked machines) delivery rate in burnt and
green cane ...................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 2.8 Bulk densities of whole-cane ........................................................................................ 49
Figure 2.9 Loading a chip truck with mallee biomass using a roadside chipper ............................ 49
Figure 2.10
GPS harvester tracks in a harvested field, coloured by speed (Beattie and Crossley
2006) .............................................................................................................................. 63
Figure 2.11 Effect of group size on harvesting costs (Sandell and Agnew, 2002) ........................... 72
Figure 2.12 Effect of crop yield on harvesting costs (Sandell and Agnew, 2002) ........................... 73
Figure 2.13 Effect of row length on cost of harvesting .................................................................... 73
Figure 2.14
The effect of harvester pour rate and annual tonnage per harvester upon cost of
biomass harvested and delivered to field edge .............................................................. 74
Figure 3.1 Tractor drawn side tipper .............................................................................................. 83
Figure 3.2 Tractor drawn trailer with end lift and cross-elevator unload ....................................... 83
Figure 3.3 Articulated self–propelled with end lift and cross elevator unload .............................. 84
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