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212 BUKOW
Figure 1. Gradual change on a conceptual neighborhood graph given by an example that
judges the similarity between two spatial scences by Bruns & Egenhofer (1996).
Now let us make that issue more adequate to our environment with respect to the change of
information. Again, consider that humans reason about spatial relations. Perhaps, one worker
gets the information that one container is so-and-so positioned and that the other containers
are so-and-so positioned. However, the other worker then informs him that the last
information was wrong – he should revise his beliefs about the situations. This has been
investigated experimentally for example in such very simple and controllable settings like the
one below.
Figure 2. Based on (1), (2), and (3), the (4) is constructed.
Figure 3. Left: After having constructed (4), the figure (a) (or the figure (b)) will be presented
to you. Now (4) has to be varied. Right: the variation has succeeded in integrating (a) (the
right figure) or (b) (the left figure).
Now, put these two issues together: people have to reason about possible steps gradually (for
example in spatial relations of objects) and people have to reason what other people reason
about this issue. This is just the dynamic application of theory of mind – namely perspective
taking – in contexts of spatial relations in this example.
Of course, such situations are not restricted to spatial aspects. Consider two philosophers
reasoning about a problem. However, philosophers are strange people and while one
philosopher does accept Modus Ponens, the other philosopher does not. He does not accept
Modus Ponens because there is no final legitimization for Modus Ponens in research yet. So,