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224 西过渭州见渭水思秦川 Passing West Through Weizhou: Seeing the Wei River I Think of the Qin waters 9 渭水东流去 The waters of the Wei river flow east, 何时到雍州 When will they reach Yongzhou? 10 凭添两行泪 I add to the waters two streams of tears, 11 寄向故园流 And send them flowing towards my home. 9 Weizhou was an administrative division of China whose seat of government was at Xiangwu 襄武 , southwest of today's Longxi county 陇西县 , Gansu province. The Wei river 渭水 starts at Niaoshu mountain 鸟鼠山 Weiyuan county 渭源县 , Gansu province, flows through Longxi, Gangu 甘谷县 , and Tianshui 天水县 counties and then passes through Shaanxi before eventually meeting up with the Yellow river 黄河 . The Qin waters (qinchuan 秦川 ) refers to the area around Chang'an. See Zhang Hui, ed., Cen Shen biansai shixuan, p. 8. 10 Reference to Chang'an. 11 CSJJZ, p. 75.
225 过燕支寄杜位 Passing Yanzhi Mountain: Sent to Du Wei 12 燕支山西酒泉道 West of Yanzhi mountain there is the road to Jiuquan, 13 北风吹沙卷白草 The north wind blows sand and rolls up the white frontier grasses. 长安遥在日光边 Chang'an is far away by the shining rays of the sun, 14 忆君不见令人老 Remembering you and not being able to meet makes one old. 15 12 Yanzhi mountain is located east of today's Shandan county 山丹县 , Gansu province. Du Wei was Du Fu's 杜甫 younger male cousin. See CSJJZ, pp. 76 and 45. 13 Name of a Tang dynasty commandery. The local seat of government was at today's Jiuquan county 酒泉县 , Gansu province. 14 CSJJZ, p. 75. 15 The concluding line echoes the final lines of the first of the “Nineteen Ancient Poems” 古诗十九首 : “Thinking of you makes me old;/Years and months suddenly go by./Abandoned, I will say no more;/Pick up your strength and eat more!” 思君令人老 , 岁月忽已晚 . 弃捐勿复道 , 努力加餐饭 . See original and translation in Kenneth P.H. Ho, tr., The Nineteen Ancient Poems (Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, 1977), pp. 38-39. “The Nineteen Ancient Poems are traditionally considered the earliest extant examples of pentasyllabic verse...As well as establishing the basic shi 诗 meter of five [characters] per line, the Nineteen Old Poems also announced themes and techniques which were to reappear in Chinese poetry throughout the centuries...The poems are characterized by two dominant perspectives, that of the lonely woman in her room longing for her faraway lover and that of a man who, forced to travel away from home, sees his life as a continual journey”. See William H. Nienhauser, Jr., ed., The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature, p. 489-490.
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Traversing the Periphery: Focalizat
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iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung
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v 4.2. A Model of Focalization: Key
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Part One: Overview of High Tang Fro
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3 Part One: Overview of High Tang F
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5 recognition through martial emplo
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7 万里不惜死 Ten thousand
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9 “a far away place”; 边 also
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11 胡儿十岁能骑马 39 H
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13 胡人半解弹琵琶 54 T
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15 蕃书文字别 Fan 66 docum
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friends remain far from the front l
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19 poems”on the basis of geograph
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21 君子于役 My lord is in se
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23 probable setting of the poetic t
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particularly fitting in illustratin
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27 as for their relatives far from
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29 哥舒大夫破九曲之
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31 This sense of estrangement, as e
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33 and separation often found on th
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interest in describing the frontier
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37 Enduring Cold”. In Bao Zhao's
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39 Zhao's work intersects with the
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experience of having joined militar
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43 historical displacement (Han all
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45 To conclude, the preceding chapt
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47 the accepted definition of front
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49 to implement his vision of natio
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selection of High Tang poets must b
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53 “ 高岑迥别。高悲
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desire to dedicate oneself to the n
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57 and forever pacifying the border
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59 clearly encroaching upon the lit
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61 the Frontier” (“Saixia qu”
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63 铁门关西月如练双
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65 exemplifying High Tang advanceme
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67 孤城落日斗兵稀身
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69 traditional hermeneutics in whic
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wife, a domestic tearing caused by
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and his enduring memory. When read
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75 赤亭道口行人绝 The
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77 reinforced through a stacking of
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79 habits in creating the literary
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81 无花只有寒笛中闻
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Not only does Cen Shen surpass the
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85 the frontier and absence qualify
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87 its novelty and perspicacity; it
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Hao's “Hu” are compassionately
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91 the physically immediate scene o
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ather enticing (if, according to so
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95 (lines 5-10) The poem now moves
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97 also the non-militaristic intera
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99 non-Chinese languages of the Fan
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of the second quoted couplet by way
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integrate into his own previous exp
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105 Part Two: Focalization in Cen S
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frontier settings, the second part
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the country's near abroad, a time w
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111 argues that Cen Shen's frontier
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eathtaking scene depicted not only
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115 河岳英灵集 ) 31 states
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117 exemplification of “qi” (
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central Chinese physical and human
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121 subject of focalization. 62 In
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focalization, as discussed in this
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125 Prior to mentioning issues surr
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Aside from describing how the focal
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demonstrable bearing on the manner
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131 underlining methods of focalizi
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133 彷徉无所倚 He roams ai
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135 In short, the intention behind
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spouting upwards and overwhelming t
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139 the Fire Mountain theme through
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141 “carp” (liyu 鲤鱼 ) with
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143 ordinary mode of focalization.
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It should be noted, however, that f
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147 (“Song of Hot Lake”, lines
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149 obliterate the impact of the pu
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151 The traditionally dolorous doma
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153 towards the indefatigable and s
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of the exterior frontier. The most
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157 轮台东门送君去去
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159 Shifts from distance to nearnes
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161 It was previously noted in this
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163 胡天八月即飞雪忽
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associations of desolation and uses
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167 temperature, effects which tran
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169 Conclusion There is an underlyi
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171 Part Two : Focalization in Cen
Page 179 and 180: 173 In addition to these visual per
Page 181 and 182: 175 六月未春衣 21 In the s
Page 183 and 184: 177 连年闻鼓鼙故山在
Page 185 and 186: 179 空山啼夜猿既伤千
Page 187 and 188: 181 poet-narrator's gaze (dong wang
Page 189 and 190: 183 gazes westward, feelings of hom
Page 191 and 192: 185 With the act of perceiving open
Page 193 and 194: 187 isolation, are by far the lands
Page 195 and 196: 189 frontier poetry and Chinese fro
Page 197 and 198: 191 为报家人数寄书 Sen
Page 199 and 200: 193 只在马蹄下明日归
Page 201 and 202: 195 为缩天山东 and contrac
Page 203 and 204: the thermal frontier concentrated o
Page 205 and 206: 199 Tang dynasty. As discovered qui
Page 207 and 208: 201 alternates between that which t
Page 209 and 210: 203 Frankel, Hans. “Yueh-Fu Poetr
Page 211 and 212: 205 Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrati
Page 213 and 214: 207 Gushiji 古诗记 . In Siku q
Page 215 and 216: 209 Tan Youxue 谭优学 .“Bian
Page 217 and 218: 211 Appendix I: Cen Shen's “Therm
Page 219 and 220: 213 火山云歌送别 Parting
Page 221 and 222: 215 使交河群 Mission To Jiao
Page 223 and 224: 217 风挚红旗冻不翻 The
Page 225 and 226: 219 走马川行奉送出师
Page 227 and 228: 221 Appendix III: Cen Shen's “Dis
Page 229: 223 经陇头分水陇水何
Page 233 and 234: 227 逢入京使 Encountering a
Page 235 and 236: 229 宿铁关西馆 Staying the
Page 237 and 238: 231 岁暮碛外寄元撝 At
Page 239 and 240: 233 碛西头送李判官入
Page 241 and 242: 235 安西馆中思长安 At
Page 243 and 244: 237 寄宇文判官 Sent to Adm
Page 245 and 246: 239 武威春暮闻宇文判
Page 247 and 248: 241 临洮客舍留别祁四
Page 249 and 250: 243 临洮泛舟赵仙舟自
Page 251: 245 玉关寄长安李主簿
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