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220 车师西门伫献捷 15 At Jushi's 16 western gate we await the presentation of the spoils of victory. 15 See CSJJZ, p. 148. 16 Jushi 车师 was the Han dynasty name of Beiting Protectorate (Beiting duhufu 北庭都护府 ) administered Tingzhou 庭州 . The former Tingzhou camp is located north of modern day Jimusa'er 吉木萨尔 . See Zhang Hui, ed., Cen Shen biansaishi xuan, p. 54.
221 Appendix III: Cen Shen's “Distance” Poems 初过陇山途中呈宇文判官 Passing Through Long Mountain 1 for the First Time: Presented to Administrative Assistant Yuwen 一驿过一驿 Postal stop after postal stop, 驿骑如星流 Postal horse like a meteor; 平明发咸阳 At dawn set out from Xianyang, 2 暮到陇山头 At dusk arrive at Long Mountain. 陇水不可听 Can't listen to the waters at Long Mountain, 3 鸣咽令人愁 Sobbing sounds cause sorrow! 沙尘扑马汗 Sand and dust fly at the horse's sweat, 雾露凝貂裘 Wet fog settles on marten skin coat. 西来谁家子 Who is it that comes West? 自道新封侯 He himself said he was just enfeoffed as a marquis; 前月发安西 Last month he set out from Anxi, 4 路上无停留 And he hasn't stopped at all on his way to rest. 都护犹未到 Protector-General Gao 5 still hasn't arrived; 来时在西州 When he does, it will be in Xizhou; 6 十日过沙碛 Ten days passing through the desert; 终朝风不休 Throughout the mornings winds never rest! 马足碎石中 Horses move over shards of rock, 四蹄皆血流 All four hooves bleeding; 1 Long Mountain is located northwest of today's Long county 陇县 Shaanxi province. In many poems, Long Mountain and its waters were a point of egress on the journey to the borderlands for those travelling from central China , a geographic locale marking the division between China proper and the frontier where one said goodbye, often lachrymosely, to his hometown in the east (Dr. Tsung-Cheng Lin, personal correspondence, January 2013). 2 Reference to Chang'an 长安 . Xianyang was the capital of the Qin 秦 dynasty; its present coordinates are east of Xianyang county 咸阳县 , Shaanxi provnice. See CSJJZ, p. 74. 3 Ever since their appearance in the Yuefu poem “Song of Long Mountain” (“Longtou geci” 陇头歌辞 ), the sounds of the waters of Long Mountain have been catalysts of feelings of separation from home (See Yan Fuling, “Han-Tang biansaishi zhuti yanjiu”, p. 44): “The flowing waters of Long Mountain,/Flow out from below the mountain./I think of my entire life,/Tumbling about the open wilds./In the morning setting off from Xincheng,/At dusk staying at Long Mountain./So cold I cannot speak;/My tongue rolls back into my throat./The flowing waters of Long Mountain,/Murmur and whimper deeply./Gazing far off towards the rivers of Qin/My heart is about to break” 陇头流水 , 流离山下 . 念吾一身 , 飘然旷野 . 朝发欣城 , 暮宿陇头 . 寒不能语 , 舌卷入喉 . 陇头流水 , 鸣声幽咽 , 遥望秦川 , 心肝断绝 . See YFSJ 25.371. 4 Guizi 龟兹 in today's Kuche county 库车县 , Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Guizi was the seat of the Anxi Commandery. 5 Military Commissioner Gao Xianzhi 节度使高仙芝 6 An administrative division roughly equivalent to today's Turpan basin 吐鲁盘 area. The seat of government was located in Gaochang 高昌 , a town equivalent to modern day Dakeanusi 达克阿奴斯城 southeast of Turpan.
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Traversing the Periphery: Focalizat
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iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung
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v 4.2. A Model of Focalization: Key
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Part One: Overview of High Tang Fro
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3 Part One: Overview of High Tang F
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5 recognition through martial emplo
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7 万里不惜死 Ten thousand
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9 “a far away place”; 边 also
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11 胡儿十岁能骑马 39 H
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13 胡人半解弹琵琶 54 T
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15 蕃书文字别 Fan 66 docum
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friends remain far from the front l
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19 poems”on the basis of geograph
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21 君子于役 My lord is in se
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23 probable setting of the poetic t
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particularly fitting in illustratin
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27 as for their relatives far from
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29 哥舒大夫破九曲之
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31 This sense of estrangement, as e
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33 and separation often found on th
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interest in describing the frontier
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37 Enduring Cold”. In Bao Zhao's
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39 Zhao's work intersects with the
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experience of having joined militar
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43 historical displacement (Han all
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45 To conclude, the preceding chapt
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47 the accepted definition of front
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49 to implement his vision of natio
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selection of High Tang poets must b
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53 “ 高岑迥别。高悲
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desire to dedicate oneself to the n
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57 and forever pacifying the border
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59 clearly encroaching upon the lit
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61 the Frontier” (“Saixia qu”
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63 铁门关西月如练双
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65 exemplifying High Tang advanceme
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67 孤城落日斗兵稀身
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69 traditional hermeneutics in whic
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wife, a domestic tearing caused by
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and his enduring memory. When read
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75 赤亭道口行人绝 The
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77 reinforced through a stacking of
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79 habits in creating the literary
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81 无花只有寒笛中闻
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Not only does Cen Shen surpass the
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85 the frontier and absence qualify
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87 its novelty and perspicacity; it
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Hao's “Hu” are compassionately
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91 the physically immediate scene o
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ather enticing (if, according to so
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95 (lines 5-10) The poem now moves
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97 also the non-militaristic intera
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99 non-Chinese languages of the Fan
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of the second quoted couplet by way
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integrate into his own previous exp
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105 Part Two: Focalization in Cen S
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frontier settings, the second part
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the country's near abroad, a time w
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111 argues that Cen Shen's frontier
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eathtaking scene depicted not only
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115 河岳英灵集 ) 31 states
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117 exemplification of “qi” (
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central Chinese physical and human
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121 subject of focalization. 62 In
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focalization, as discussed in this
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125 Prior to mentioning issues surr
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Aside from describing how the focal
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demonstrable bearing on the manner
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131 underlining methods of focalizi
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133 彷徉无所倚 He roams ai
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135 In short, the intention behind
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spouting upwards and overwhelming t
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139 the Fire Mountain theme through
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141 “carp” (liyu 鲤鱼 ) with
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143 ordinary mode of focalization.
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It should be noted, however, that f
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147 (“Song of Hot Lake”, lines
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149 obliterate the impact of the pu
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151 The traditionally dolorous doma
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153 towards the indefatigable and s
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of the exterior frontier. The most
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157 轮台东门送君去去
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159 Shifts from distance to nearnes
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161 It was previously noted in this
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163 胡天八月即飞雪忽
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associations of desolation and uses
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167 temperature, effects which tran
Page 175 and 176: 169 Conclusion There is an underlyi
Page 177 and 178: 171 Part Two : Focalization in Cen
Page 179 and 180: 173 In addition to these visual per
Page 181 and 182: 175 六月未春衣 21 In the s
Page 183 and 184: 177 连年闻鼓鼙故山在
Page 185 and 186: 179 空山啼夜猿既伤千
Page 187 and 188: 181 poet-narrator's gaze (dong wang
Page 189 and 190: 183 gazes westward, feelings of hom
Page 191 and 192: 185 With the act of perceiving open
Page 193 and 194: 187 isolation, are by far the lands
Page 195 and 196: 189 frontier poetry and Chinese fro
Page 197 and 198: 191 为报家人数寄书 Sen
Page 199 and 200: 193 只在马蹄下明日归
Page 201 and 202: 195 为缩天山东 and contrac
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Page 205 and 206: 199 Tang dynasty. As discovered qui
Page 207 and 208: 201 alternates between that which t
Page 209 and 210: 203 Frankel, Hans. “Yueh-Fu Poetr
Page 211 and 212: 205 Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrati
Page 213 and 214: 207 Gushiji 古诗记 . In Siku q
Page 215 and 216: 209 Tan Youxue 谭优学 .“Bian
Page 217 and 218: 211 Appendix I: Cen Shen's “Therm
Page 219 and 220: 213 火山云歌送别 Parting
Page 221 and 222: 215 使交河群 Mission To Jiao
Page 223 and 224: 217 风挚红旗冻不翻 The
Page 225: 219 走马川行奉送出师
Page 229 and 230: 223 经陇头分水陇水何
Page 231 and 232: 225 过燕支寄杜位 Passing
Page 233 and 234: 227 逢入京使 Encountering a
Page 235 and 236: 229 宿铁关西馆 Staying the
Page 237 and 238: 231 岁暮碛外寄元撝 At
Page 239 and 240: 233 碛西头送李判官入
Page 241 and 242: 235 安西馆中思长安 At
Page 243 and 244: 237 寄宇文判官 Sent to Adm
Page 245 and 246: 239 武威春暮闻宇文判
Page 247 and 248: 241 临洮客舍留别祁四
Page 249 and 250: 243 临洮泛舟赵仙舟自
Page 251: 245 玉关寄长安李主簿
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