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216 Appendix II: Cen Shen's “Hibernal” Poems 白雪歌送武判官归京 Song of White Snow: Sending Off Administrative Officer Wu on His Return to the Capital 北风卷地白草折胡天八月即飞雪 The north wind rolls up the ground, white grasses 1 snap, In the eighth month snow already flies throughout the Hu sky. 2 忽如一夜春风来 Suddenly as if in one night the Spring wind arrives, 千树万树梨花开 On tens of thousands of trees pear flowers bloom. 3 散入珠帘湿罗幕狐裘不暖锦衾薄将军角弓不得控都护铁衣冷难著瀚海阑干百丈冰愁云惨淡万里凝中军置酒饮归客胡琴琵琶与羌笛纷纷暮雪下辕门 Scattering through beaded curtains and soaking silk drapes, Fox fur clothing does not keep in the heat, resplendent blankets are thin. The general's horn bow cannot be pulled, The protector-general's armour is freezing and difficult to put on. Vast desert, railings of ice criss-cross a hundred meters thick , Sorrow clouds and gloom condense over ten thousand li. At the army camp wine is laid out and drunk to the departing guest, Hu songs are strum on pipas along with Qiang flutes. Evening snow falls pell-mell over the military camp's main gate, 1 The famous white grasses of central Asia are a stock image of frontier poetry. See Marie Chan, Cen Shen, p. 147 and Stephen Owen, Great Age of Chinese Poetry, p. 359. 2 Meaning the frontier sky. 3 Bidirectional comparisons between snowflakes and pear/plum blossoms was a very common conceit in Chinese poetry “where the visual similarity of plum and pear blossoms and snowflakes was strengthened by the fact that a “flake” (hua 花 ) of snow is in Chinese a “flower” (hua 花 ) of snow”. See Stephen Owen, Great Age of Chinese Poetry, p. 377 and Stephen Owen, The Poetry of the Early T'ang, p. 96. Of the numerous examples, there is the first half of Lu Zhaolin's 卢照邻 (636-695) “Plum Blossoms Fall” (“Meihua luo” 梅花落 ): “When the blossoms first emerge on plum ridges, /The snow has yet to open on Heaven Mountain,/Places of snow seem filled with flowers,/Where flowers are snow seems to swirl”. Modified version of Stephen Owen, tr., The Poetry of the Early T'ang, p. 96. 梅岭花初发 , 天山雪未开 . 雪处疑花满 , 花边似雪回 . See QTS 41.513.
217 风挚红旗冻不翻 The wind pulls the red flag; frozen it does not flap. 轮台东门送君去 Seeing you off at the east gate of Luntai, 4 去时雪满天山路 At your departure snow fills the road of Tian Mountain. 山回路转不见君 The mountain curves, the road turns, I can not see you: 5 雪上空留马行处 In the snow empty hoof prints are left behind. 4 “Luntai was a city in central Asia about one hundred kilometres southeast of modern day Kuche 库车 . The Eastern gate would have marked a journey back toward China while Tian mountain lies directly north”. See Stephen Owen, Great Age of Chinese Poetry, p. 377. 5 See CSJJZ, p. 163.
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Traversing the Periphery: Focalizat
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iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung
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v 4.2. A Model of Focalization: Key
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Part One: Overview of High Tang Fro
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3 Part One: Overview of High Tang F
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5 recognition through martial emplo
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7 万里不惜死 Ten thousand
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9 “a far away place”; 边 also
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11 胡儿十岁能骑马 39 H
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13 胡人半解弹琵琶 54 T
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15 蕃书文字别 Fan 66 docum
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friends remain far from the front l
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19 poems”on the basis of geograph
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21 君子于役 My lord is in se
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23 probable setting of the poetic t
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particularly fitting in illustratin
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27 as for their relatives far from
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29 哥舒大夫破九曲之
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31 This sense of estrangement, as e
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33 and separation often found on th
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interest in describing the frontier
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37 Enduring Cold”. In Bao Zhao's
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39 Zhao's work intersects with the
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experience of having joined militar
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43 historical displacement (Han all
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45 To conclude, the preceding chapt
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47 the accepted definition of front
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49 to implement his vision of natio
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selection of High Tang poets must b
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53 “ 高岑迥别。高悲
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desire to dedicate oneself to the n
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57 and forever pacifying the border
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59 clearly encroaching upon the lit
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61 the Frontier” (“Saixia qu”
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63 铁门关西月如练双
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65 exemplifying High Tang advanceme
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67 孤城落日斗兵稀身
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69 traditional hermeneutics in whic
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wife, a domestic tearing caused by
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and his enduring memory. When read
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75 赤亭道口行人绝 The
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77 reinforced through a stacking of
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79 habits in creating the literary
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81 无花只有寒笛中闻
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Not only does Cen Shen surpass the
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85 the frontier and absence qualify
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87 its novelty and perspicacity; it
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Hao's “Hu” are compassionately
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91 the physically immediate scene o
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ather enticing (if, according to so
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95 (lines 5-10) The poem now moves
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97 also the non-militaristic intera
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99 non-Chinese languages of the Fan
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of the second quoted couplet by way
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integrate into his own previous exp
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105 Part Two: Focalization in Cen S
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frontier settings, the second part
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the country's near abroad, a time w
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111 argues that Cen Shen's frontier
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eathtaking scene depicted not only
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115 河岳英灵集 ) 31 states
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117 exemplification of “qi” (
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central Chinese physical and human
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121 subject of focalization. 62 In
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focalization, as discussed in this
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125 Prior to mentioning issues surr
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Aside from describing how the focal
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demonstrable bearing on the manner
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131 underlining methods of focalizi
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133 彷徉无所倚 He roams ai
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135 In short, the intention behind
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spouting upwards and overwhelming t
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139 the Fire Mountain theme through
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141 “carp” (liyu 鲤鱼 ) with
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143 ordinary mode of focalization.
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It should be noted, however, that f
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147 (“Song of Hot Lake”, lines
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149 obliterate the impact of the pu
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151 The traditionally dolorous doma
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153 towards the indefatigable and s
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of the exterior frontier. The most
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157 轮台东门送君去去
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159 Shifts from distance to nearnes
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161 It was previously noted in this
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163 胡天八月即飞雪忽
Page 171 and 172: associations of desolation and uses
Page 173 and 174: 167 temperature, effects which tran
Page 175 and 176: 169 Conclusion There is an underlyi
Page 177 and 178: 171 Part Two : Focalization in Cen
Page 179 and 180: 173 In addition to these visual per
Page 181 and 182: 175 六月未春衣 21 In the s
Page 183 and 184: 177 连年闻鼓鼙故山在
Page 185 and 186: 179 空山啼夜猿既伤千
Page 187 and 188: 181 poet-narrator's gaze (dong wang
Page 189 and 190: 183 gazes westward, feelings of hom
Page 191 and 192: 185 With the act of perceiving open
Page 193 and 194: 187 isolation, are by far the lands
Page 195 and 196: 189 frontier poetry and Chinese fro
Page 197 and 198: 191 为报家人数寄书 Sen
Page 199 and 200: 193 只在马蹄下明日归
Page 201 and 202: 195 为缩天山东 and contrac
Page 203 and 204: the thermal frontier concentrated o
Page 205 and 206: 199 Tang dynasty. As discovered qui
Page 207 and 208: 201 alternates between that which t
Page 209 and 210: 203 Frankel, Hans. “Yueh-Fu Poetr
Page 211 and 212: 205 Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrati
Page 213 and 214: 207 Gushiji 古诗记 . In Siku q
Page 215 and 216: 209 Tan Youxue 谭优学 .“Bian
Page 217 and 218: 211 Appendix I: Cen Shen's “Therm
Page 219 and 220: 213 火山云歌送别 Parting
Page 221: 215 使交河群 Mission To Jiao
Page 225 and 226: 219 走马川行奉送出师
Page 227 and 228: 221 Appendix III: Cen Shen's “Dis
Page 229 and 230: 223 经陇头分水陇水何
Page 231 and 232: 225 过燕支寄杜位 Passing
Page 233 and 234: 227 逢入京使 Encountering a
Page 235 and 236: 229 宿铁关西馆 Staying the
Page 237 and 238: 231 岁暮碛外寄元撝 At
Page 239 and 240: 233 碛西头送李判官入
Page 241 and 242: 235 安西馆中思长安 At
Page 243 and 244: 237 寄宇文判官 Sent to Adm
Page 245 and 246: 239 武威春暮闻宇文判
Page 247 and 248: 241 临洮客舍留别祁四
Page 249 and 250: 243 临洮泛舟赵仙舟自
Page 251: 245 玉关寄长安李主簿
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