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210 ____. “Han-Tang biansaishi zhuti yanjiu” 汉唐边塞诗主题研究 . PhD. Diss., Nanjing Normal University 南京师范大学博士学位论文 , 2004. Yan Yu 严羽 . Canglang shihua 沧浪诗话 . In Siku quanshu 四库全书 . Wenyuange 文渊阁 online edition. Yang Jialuo 杨家骆 ed. Houhanshu 后汉书 . Taipei: Dingwen, 1994. Yin Fan 殷璠 . Heyue yingling ji 河岳英灵集 . In Siku quanshu 四库全书 . Wenyuange 文渊阁 online edition. Yu Shiling 俞士玲 “Gao Shi Yangexing 'xiaowei yushu fei hanhai, chanyu liehuo zhao langshan' kaoshi” 高适《燕歌行》' 校尉羽书飞瀚海 , 单于猎火照狼山 ' 考释 . Guji zhengli yanjiu xuekan 古籍整理研究学刊 2000.4, pp. 31-33; 39. Yu Xin 庾信 Yu Zishan ji 庾子山集 . In Siku quanshu 四库全书 Wenyuange 文渊阁 online edition. Yu Zhengsong 余正松 “Gao Cen shu huan bu, Shen Bao de tong xing: Gaoshi yu Cen Shen shifeng zhi yitong” 高岑殊缓步 , 沈鲍得同行 : 高适与参岑诗风之异同 . In Yu Zhengsong 余正松 . Gaoshi yanjiu 高适研究 . Chengdu: Ba Shu, 1992. Yuan Jiaxiu 袁嘉秀 . “Yangexing' yuzhu biejie” 《燕歌行》' 玉箸 ' 别解 . Yuwenyuekan 语文月刊 2000.10, p.39. Zhang Fuqing 张福庆 . “Chutang sijie de biansaishi yu shengtang biansaishi zhi bijiao” 初唐四杰的边塞诗与盛唐边塞诗之比较 . Waijiao xueyuan xuebao 外交学院学报 2001.2, pp. 87-90. Zhang Hui 张辉 , ed. Cen Shen biansaishixuan 岑参边塞诗选 . Beijing: Renmin wenxue, 1981. Zhou Zhenfu 周振甫 . “Tan Cen Shen de biansaishi” 谈岑参的边塞诗 in Department of Chinese Studies of Northwest Normal University (Xibei shifan xueyuan zhongwenxi 西北师范学院中文系 ) and the Academic Journal of Northwest Normal University (Xibei shifan xueyuan xuebao 西北师范学报 ), ed., Tangdai biansashi yanjiu lunwen xuancui 唐代边塞诗研究论文选粹 . Lanzhou: Gansu jiaoyu, 1988, pp. 200-206.
211 Appendix I: Cen Shen's “Thermal” Poems 热海行送崔侍御还京 Song of Hot Lake: Sending Off Censor Cui On His Return to the Capital 侧闻阴山胡儿语西头热海水如煮海上众鸟不敢飞中有鲤鱼长且肥 I overheard the Hu people of Yin mountain 1 say that at the end of the Western frontier lies Hot Lake; its waters seem to boil. Flocks of birds don't dare fly overhead, In the lake carp are long and fat. 岸旁青草常不歇 Green grasses on the shore grow for a long time and don't wither, 空中白雪遥旋灭 Snow at a distance overhead swirls and then melts. 蒸沙烁石燃虏云 Steaming sands and shining rocks burn the Lu clouds, 2 沸浪炎波煎汉月 Boiling billows and heated waves boil the Han moon. 阴火潜烧天地炉 Fires burn underground in Heaven and Earth's furnace, 何事偏烘西一隅 ? why does its combustion incline towards the Western corner? 势吞月窟侵太白 The force of the steam's heat swallows moon caves 3 and attacks Venus, 4 气连赤坂通单于 Vapours continue into the Chi Pamirs 5 and through Xiongnu lands. 1 Zhang Hui 张辉 notes that Yin Mountain (Yinshan 阴山 ) actually refers to the Tian Mountain (Tianshan 天山 ) range in the border region of today's Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and not the Yin mountain range traversing parts of Inner Mongolia (Zhang Hui, ed., Cen Shen Biansai shixuan, p. 56). 2 Meaning “frontier clouds”. 3 “In ancient tradition and in Tang poetry the moon was pitted and honeycombed, like a volcanic rabbit warren. From Han times at least we hear of 'moon dens' or 'moon burrows' (yueku 月窟 )...In one sense it refers to the dank and gloomy hiding place of the moon at the western verges of our world...It follows naturally that the expression also symbolizes the cold and remote lands of the western barbarians...”. See Edward H. Schafer, Pacing the Void: T'ang Approaches to the Stars (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), p. 187. 4 See chapter one, footnote 24. Venus was the quintessence of metal (Edward H. Schafer, Pacing the Void, p. 212) while metal's directional equivalent has traditionally been that of the western regions. See CSJJZ, p. 92. “In general it [Venus] was a baleful star...and the mild associations that Venus has for us are almost totally lacking in Chinese imagery, for whom white [Venus in Chinese being “great white”(taibai, “great 太白 )] is the colour of the ghost world and, in its most lustrous phase, of the flash of deadly weapons” . See Edward H. Schafer, Pacing the Void, p. 214. 5 Located in Yang county 洋县 , Shaanxi 陕西 province. See CSJJZ, p. 170.
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Traversing the Periphery: Focalizat
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iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung
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v 4.2. A Model of Focalization: Key
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Part One: Overview of High Tang Fro
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3 Part One: Overview of High Tang F
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5 recognition through martial emplo
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7 万里不惜死 Ten thousand
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9 “a far away place”; 边 also
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11 胡儿十岁能骑马 39 H
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13 胡人半解弹琵琶 54 T
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15 蕃书文字别 Fan 66 docum
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friends remain far from the front l
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19 poems”on the basis of geograph
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21 君子于役 My lord is in se
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23 probable setting of the poetic t
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particularly fitting in illustratin
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27 as for their relatives far from
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29 哥舒大夫破九曲之
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31 This sense of estrangement, as e
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33 and separation often found on th
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interest in describing the frontier
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37 Enduring Cold”. In Bao Zhao's
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39 Zhao's work intersects with the
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experience of having joined militar
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43 historical displacement (Han all
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45 To conclude, the preceding chapt
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47 the accepted definition of front
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49 to implement his vision of natio
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selection of High Tang poets must b
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53 “ 高岑迥别。高悲
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desire to dedicate oneself to the n
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57 and forever pacifying the border
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59 clearly encroaching upon the lit
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61 the Frontier” (“Saixia qu”
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63 铁门关西月如练双
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65 exemplifying High Tang advanceme
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67 孤城落日斗兵稀身
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69 traditional hermeneutics in whic
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wife, a domestic tearing caused by
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and his enduring memory. When read
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75 赤亭道口行人绝 The
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77 reinforced through a stacking of
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79 habits in creating the literary
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81 无花只有寒笛中闻
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Not only does Cen Shen surpass the
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85 the frontier and absence qualify
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87 its novelty and perspicacity; it
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Hao's “Hu” are compassionately
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91 the physically immediate scene o
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ather enticing (if, according to so
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95 (lines 5-10) The poem now moves
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97 also the non-militaristic intera
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99 non-Chinese languages of the Fan
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of the second quoted couplet by way
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integrate into his own previous exp
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105 Part Two: Focalization in Cen S
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frontier settings, the second part
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the country's near abroad, a time w
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111 argues that Cen Shen's frontier
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eathtaking scene depicted not only
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115 河岳英灵集 ) 31 states
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117 exemplification of “qi” (
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central Chinese physical and human
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121 subject of focalization. 62 In
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focalization, as discussed in this
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125 Prior to mentioning issues surr
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Aside from describing how the focal
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demonstrable bearing on the manner
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131 underlining methods of focalizi
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133 彷徉无所倚 He roams ai
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135 In short, the intention behind
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spouting upwards and overwhelming t
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139 the Fire Mountain theme through
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141 “carp” (liyu 鲤鱼 ) with
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143 ordinary mode of focalization.
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It should be noted, however, that f
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147 (“Song of Hot Lake”, lines
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149 obliterate the impact of the pu
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151 The traditionally dolorous doma
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153 towards the indefatigable and s
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of the exterior frontier. The most
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157 轮台东门送君去去
Page 165 and 166: 159 Shifts from distance to nearnes
Page 167 and 168: 161 It was previously noted in this
Page 169 and 170: 163 胡天八月即飞雪忽
Page 171 and 172: associations of desolation and uses
Page 173 and 174: 167 temperature, effects which tran
Page 175 and 176: 169 Conclusion There is an underlyi
Page 177 and 178: 171 Part Two : Focalization in Cen
Page 179 and 180: 173 In addition to these visual per
Page 181 and 182: 175 六月未春衣 21 In the s
Page 183 and 184: 177 连年闻鼓鼙故山在
Page 185 and 186: 179 空山啼夜猿既伤千
Page 187 and 188: 181 poet-narrator's gaze (dong wang
Page 189 and 190: 183 gazes westward, feelings of hom
Page 191 and 192: 185 With the act of perceiving open
Page 193 and 194: 187 isolation, are by far the lands
Page 195 and 196: 189 frontier poetry and Chinese fro
Page 197 and 198: 191 为报家人数寄书 Sen
Page 199 and 200: 193 只在马蹄下明日归
Page 201 and 202: 195 为缩天山东 and contrac
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Page 205 and 206: 199 Tang dynasty. As discovered qui
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Page 209 and 210: 203 Frankel, Hans. “Yueh-Fu Poetr
Page 211 and 212: 205 Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrati
Page 213 and 214: 207 Gushiji 古诗记 . In Siku q
Page 215: 209 Tan Youxue 谭优学 .“Bian
Page 219 and 220: 213 火山云歌送别 Parting
Page 221 and 222: 215 使交河群 Mission To Jiao
Page 223 and 224: 217 风挚红旗冻不翻 The
Page 225 and 226: 219 走马川行奉送出师
Page 227 and 228: 221 Appendix III: Cen Shen's “Dis
Page 229 and 230: 223 经陇头分水陇水何
Page 231 and 232: 225 过燕支寄杜位 Passing
Page 233 and 234: 227 逢入京使 Encountering a
Page 235 and 236: 229 宿铁关西馆 Staying the
Page 237 and 238: 231 岁暮碛外寄元撝 At
Page 239 and 240: 233 碛西头送李判官入
Page 241 and 242: 235 安西馆中思长安 At
Page 243 and 244: 237 寄宇文判官 Sent to Adm
Page 245 and 246: 239 武威春暮闻宇文判
Page 247 and 248: 241 临洮客舍留别祁四
Page 249 and 250: 243 临洮泛舟赵仙舟自
Page 251: 245 玉关寄长安李主簿
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