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194 narrator's homesickness: 东望望长安正直日初出长安不可见但见长安日 Eastward gazing, gazing towards Chang'an, Directly facing where the sun first rises. Chang'an cannot be seen; I only see the Chang'an sun. (“Tune: Remembering Chang'an”, first of two verses) 燕支山西酒泉道北风吹沙卷白草长安遥在日光边 72 忆君不见令人老 West of Yanzhi mountain there is the road to Jiuquan, The north wind blows sand and rolls up the white frontier grasses. Chang'an is far away by the shining rays of the sun, Remembering you and not being able to meet makes one old (“Passing Yanzhi Mountain: Sent to Du Wei ”) 家在日出处朝来起东风 My home is where the sun rises, Morning arrives and stirs the eastern wind. (“At the Anxi Guesthouse and Thinking of Chang'an”, lines 1-2) But sometimes letters, dreams, acts of perception, images and rhetorical questions fail, and only the thaumaturgic skills of an ancient Daoist can be relied upon to both express, and perhaps even assuage, the angst of being far from home: 乡路眇天外 The road home stretches beyond the sky, 归期如梦中 The date of return seems like a dream. 遥凭长房术 So far away I have to rely on Zhangfang's magic 73 72 CSJJZ, p. 75. 73 An allusion to Fei Zhangfang 费长房 , a Daoist trainee of Hu Gong 壶公 , whose story can be found in Ge Hong's 葛洪 (283-343) Shenxianzhuan 神仙传 , “a collection of biographies of eighty-four Daoist immortals. The text has traditionally been ascribed to Ge Hong [though] most of the biographies are extracted from earlier works, so Ge Hong is really much more an editor than an author of the Shengxianzhuan”. See Stephen Durrant's entry in William H. Nienhauser, Jr., ed., The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature, p. 677. The Taiping guangji 太平广记 notes that “Feizhang Fang possessed the magic of the gods, and could contract a land's geography. A thousand li would seem to exist right before one's eyes and then disappear as the land expanded back to as it was before”. 费长房有神术 , 能缩地脉 , 千里存在目前宛然 , 放之复舒如旧也 . See Taiping guangji 太平广记 12.4 in SKQS. In his pre-frontier poem “Inscribed on Daoist Adept Li's Dwelling in Shuangxi, Jingxing county” (“Ti Jingxing Shuangxi Li Daoshi suoju”
195 为缩天山东 and contract the sky and mountains eastwards. (“At the Anxi Guesthouse and Thinking of Chang'an”, lines 13-16). 题井陉双溪李道士所居 ), Cen Shen uses the same allusion to express a longing for a quick return home: “Five bristle pine wine/can be found at the Daoist master's home in Shuangxi./But all I ask is that the land contract/so that I am not made to take a long road home”. 五粒松花酒 , 双溪道士家 . 唯求缩却地 , 乡路莫教赊 . See CSJJZ, p. 25. The “wine” here suggests a drink which could extend one's life. See CSJJZ, p. 25.
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Traversing the Periphery: Focalizat
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iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung
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v 4.2. A Model of Focalization: Key
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Part One: Overview of High Tang Fro
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3 Part One: Overview of High Tang F
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5 recognition through martial emplo
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7 万里不惜死 Ten thousand
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9 “a far away place”; 边 also
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11 胡儿十岁能骑马 39 H
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13 胡人半解弹琵琶 54 T
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15 蕃书文字别 Fan 66 docum
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friends remain far from the front l
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19 poems”on the basis of geograph
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21 君子于役 My lord is in se
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23 probable setting of the poetic t
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particularly fitting in illustratin
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27 as for their relatives far from
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29 哥舒大夫破九曲之
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31 This sense of estrangement, as e
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33 and separation often found on th
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interest in describing the frontier
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37 Enduring Cold”. In Bao Zhao's
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39 Zhao's work intersects with the
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experience of having joined militar
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43 historical displacement (Han all
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45 To conclude, the preceding chapt
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47 the accepted definition of front
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49 to implement his vision of natio
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selection of High Tang poets must b
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53 “ 高岑迥别。高悲
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desire to dedicate oneself to the n
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57 and forever pacifying the border
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59 clearly encroaching upon the lit
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61 the Frontier” (“Saixia qu”
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63 铁门关西月如练双
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65 exemplifying High Tang advanceme
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67 孤城落日斗兵稀身
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69 traditional hermeneutics in whic
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wife, a domestic tearing caused by
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and his enduring memory. When read
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75 赤亭道口行人绝 The
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77 reinforced through a stacking of
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79 habits in creating the literary
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81 无花只有寒笛中闻
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Not only does Cen Shen surpass the
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85 the frontier and absence qualify
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87 its novelty and perspicacity; it
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Hao's “Hu” are compassionately
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91 the physically immediate scene o
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ather enticing (if, according to so
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95 (lines 5-10) The poem now moves
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97 also the non-militaristic intera
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99 non-Chinese languages of the Fan
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of the second quoted couplet by way
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integrate into his own previous exp
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105 Part Two: Focalization in Cen S
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frontier settings, the second part
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the country's near abroad, a time w
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111 argues that Cen Shen's frontier
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eathtaking scene depicted not only
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115 河岳英灵集 ) 31 states
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117 exemplification of “qi” (
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central Chinese physical and human
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121 subject of focalization. 62 In
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focalization, as discussed in this
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125 Prior to mentioning issues surr
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Aside from describing how the focal
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demonstrable bearing on the manner
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131 underlining methods of focalizi
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133 彷徉无所倚 He roams ai
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135 In short, the intention behind
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spouting upwards and overwhelming t
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139 the Fire Mountain theme through
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141 “carp” (liyu 鲤鱼 ) with
Page 149 and 150: 143 ordinary mode of focalization.
Page 151 and 152: It should be noted, however, that f
Page 153 and 154: 147 (“Song of Hot Lake”, lines
Page 155 and 156: 149 obliterate the impact of the pu
Page 157 and 158: 151 The traditionally dolorous doma
Page 159 and 160: 153 towards the indefatigable and s
Page 161 and 162: of the exterior frontier. The most
Page 163 and 164: 157 轮台东门送君去去
Page 165 and 166: 159 Shifts from distance to nearnes
Page 167 and 168: 161 It was previously noted in this
Page 169 and 170: 163 胡天八月即飞雪忽
Page 171 and 172: associations of desolation and uses
Page 173 and 174: 167 temperature, effects which tran
Page 175 and 176: 169 Conclusion There is an underlyi
Page 177 and 178: 171 Part Two : Focalization in Cen
Page 179 and 180: 173 In addition to these visual per
Page 181 and 182: 175 六月未春衣 21 In the s
Page 183 and 184: 177 连年闻鼓鼙故山在
Page 185 and 186: 179 空山啼夜猿既伤千
Page 187 and 188: 181 poet-narrator's gaze (dong wang
Page 189 and 190: 183 gazes westward, feelings of hom
Page 191 and 192: 185 With the act of perceiving open
Page 193 and 194: 187 isolation, are by far the lands
Page 195 and 196: 189 frontier poetry and Chinese fro
Page 197 and 198: 191 为报家人数寄书 Sen
Page 199: 193 只在马蹄下明日归
Page 203 and 204: the thermal frontier concentrated o
Page 205 and 206: 199 Tang dynasty. As discovered qui
Page 207 and 208: 201 alternates between that which t
Page 209 and 210: 203 Frankel, Hans. “Yueh-Fu Poetr
Page 211 and 212: 205 Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrati
Page 213 and 214: 207 Gushiji 古诗记 . In Siku q
Page 215 and 216: 209 Tan Youxue 谭优学 .“Bian
Page 217 and 218: 211 Appendix I: Cen Shen's “Therm
Page 219 and 220: 213 火山云歌送别 Parting
Page 221 and 222: 215 使交河群 Mission To Jiao
Page 223 and 224: 217 风挚红旗冻不翻 The
Page 225 and 226: 219 走马川行奉送出师
Page 227 and 228: 221 Appendix III: Cen Shen's “Dis
Page 229 and 230: 223 经陇头分水陇水何
Page 231 and 232: 225 过燕支寄杜位 Passing
Page 233 and 234: 227 逢入京使 Encountering a
Page 235 and 236: 229 宿铁关西馆 Staying the
Page 237 and 238: 231 岁暮碛外寄元撝 At
Page 239 and 240: 233 碛西头送李判官入
Page 241 and 242: 235 安西馆中思长安 At
Page 243 and 244: 237 寄宇文判官 Sent to Adm
Page 245 and 246: 239 武威春暮闻宇文判
Page 247 and 248: 241 临洮客舍留别祁四
Page 249 and 250: 243 临洮泛舟赵仙舟自
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245 玉关寄长安李主簿
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