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ii Traversing the Periphery: Focalization in Cen Shen's Frontier Settings Within the Context of Chinese Frontier Poetry by Daymon Joseph Macmillan B.A., Simon Fraser University, 2000 Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung-Cheng Lin, Supervisor Department of Pacific and Asian Studies Dr. Daniel Bryant, Departmental Member Department of Pacific and Asian Studies Dr. Richard King, Departmental Member Department of Pacific and Asian Studies
iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung-Cheng Lin, Supervisor Department of Pacific and Asian Studies Dr. Daniel Bryant, Departmental Member Department of Pacific and Asian Studies Dr. Richard King, Departmental Member Department of Pacific and Asian Studies ABSTRACT This thesis has two main objectives: to first discuss the defining characteristics of frontier poetry (biansaishi 边塞诗 ) while showing how this subgenre of poetry blossomed during the Tang 唐 period prior to the An Lushan rebellion (anshizhiluan 安史之乱 ), and then to focus on one Tang frontier poet in particular, Cen Shen 岑参 (715-770), for a sustained critical investigation into how the poet-narrators of his texts focalize three types of frontier settings, namely landscapes of intense heat, cold and vast distances. These two objectives necessitate dividing the thesis into a bipartite structure, which is further subdivided into six chapters. Chapters one through three address the first objective of the thesis, that of surveying frontier poetry as it pertains to the subgenre's flourishing during Tang period. Chapters four through six endeavour to traverse Cen Shen's frontier settings with a critical eye on uncovering patterns behind the manner in which the poet-narrators perceive China's borderland regions, and to show how these patterns are repeated across disparate poems where the frontier setting itself features prominently. The result of such an analysis is the realization of an underlying foundation of focalization connecting the poet-narrators in each of Cen Shen's three major frontier environements.
Page 1: Traversing the Periphery: Focalizat
Page 5 and 6: v 4.2. A Model of Focalization: Key
Page 7 and 8: Part One: Overview of High Tang Fro
Page 9 and 10: 3 Part One: Overview of High Tang F
Page 11 and 12: 5 recognition through martial emplo
Page 13 and 14: 7 万里不惜死 Ten thousand
Page 15 and 16: 9 “a far away place”; 边 also
Page 17 and 18: 11 胡儿十岁能骑马 39 H
Page 19 and 20: 13 胡人半解弹琵琶 54 T
Page 21 and 22: 15 蕃书文字别 Fan 66 docum
Page 23 and 24: friends remain far from the front l
Page 25 and 26: 19 poems”on the basis of geograph
Page 27 and 28: 21 君子于役 My lord is in se
Page 29 and 30: 23 probable setting of the poetic t
Page 31 and 32: particularly fitting in illustratin
Page 33 and 34: 27 as for their relatives far from
Page 35 and 36: 29 哥舒大夫破九曲之
Page 37 and 38: 31 This sense of estrangement, as e
Page 39 and 40: 33 and separation often found on th
Page 41 and 42: interest in describing the frontier
Page 43 and 44: 37 Enduring Cold”. In Bao Zhao's
Page 45 and 46: 39 Zhao's work intersects with the
Page 47 and 48: experience of having joined militar
Page 49 and 50: 43 historical displacement (Han all
Page 51 and 52: 45 To conclude, the preceding chapt
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47 the accepted definition of front
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49 to implement his vision of natio
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selection of High Tang poets must b
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53 “ 高岑迥别。高悲
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desire to dedicate oneself to the n
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57 and forever pacifying the border
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59 clearly encroaching upon the lit
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61 the Frontier” (“Saixia qu”
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63 铁门关西月如练双
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65 exemplifying High Tang advanceme
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67 孤城落日斗兵稀身
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69 traditional hermeneutics in whic
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wife, a domestic tearing caused by
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and his enduring memory. When read
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75 赤亭道口行人绝 The
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77 reinforced through a stacking of
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79 habits in creating the literary
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81 无花只有寒笛中闻
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Not only does Cen Shen surpass the
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85 the frontier and absence qualify
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87 its novelty and perspicacity; it
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Hao's “Hu” are compassionately
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91 the physically immediate scene o
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ather enticing (if, according to so
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95 (lines 5-10) The poem now moves
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97 also the non-militaristic intera
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99 non-Chinese languages of the Fan
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of the second quoted couplet by way
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integrate into his own previous exp
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105 Part Two: Focalization in Cen S
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frontier settings, the second part
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the country's near abroad, a time w
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111 argues that Cen Shen's frontier
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eathtaking scene depicted not only
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115 河岳英灵集 ) 31 states
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117 exemplification of “qi” (
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central Chinese physical and human
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121 subject of focalization. 62 In
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focalization, as discussed in this
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125 Prior to mentioning issues surr
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Aside from describing how the focal
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demonstrable bearing on the manner
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131 underlining methods of focalizi
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133 彷徉无所倚 He roams ai
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135 In short, the intention behind
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spouting upwards and overwhelming t
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139 the Fire Mountain theme through
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141 “carp” (liyu 鲤鱼 ) with
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143 ordinary mode of focalization.
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It should be noted, however, that f
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147 (“Song of Hot Lake”, lines
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149 obliterate the impact of the pu
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151 The traditionally dolorous doma
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153 towards the indefatigable and s
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of the exterior frontier. The most
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157 轮台东门送君去去
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159 Shifts from distance to nearnes
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161 It was previously noted in this
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163 胡天八月即飞雪忽
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associations of desolation and uses
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167 temperature, effects which tran
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169 Conclusion There is an underlyi
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171 Part Two : Focalization in Cen
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173 In addition to these visual per
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175 六月未春衣 21 In the s
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177 连年闻鼓鼙故山在
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179 空山啼夜猿既伤千
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181 poet-narrator's gaze (dong wang
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183 gazes westward, feelings of hom
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185 With the act of perceiving open
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187 isolation, are by far the lands
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189 frontier poetry and Chinese fro
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191 为报家人数寄书 Sen
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193 只在马蹄下明日归
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195 为缩天山东 and contrac
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the thermal frontier concentrated o
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199 Tang dynasty. As discovered qui
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201 alternates between that which t
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203 Frankel, Hans. “Yueh-Fu Poetr
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205 Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrati
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207 Gushiji 古诗记 . In Siku q
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209 Tan Youxue 谭优学 .“Bian
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211 Appendix I: Cen Shen's “Therm
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213 火山云歌送别 Parting
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215 使交河群 Mission To Jiao
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217 风挚红旗冻不翻 The
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219 走马川行奉送出师
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221 Appendix III: Cen Shen's “Dis
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223 经陇头分水陇水何
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225 过燕支寄杜位 Passing
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227 逢入京使 Encountering a
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229 宿铁关西馆 Staying the
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231 岁暮碛外寄元撝 At
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233 碛西头送李判官入
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235 安西馆中思长安 At
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237 寄宇文判官 Sent to Adm
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239 武威春暮闻宇文判
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241 临洮客舍留别祁四
Page 249 and 250:
243 临洮泛舟赵仙舟自
Page 251:
245 玉关寄长安李主簿
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