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130 they relate to both the focalizer and the focalized: Within the world of a story or poem, here represented by the “W” domain, a focalizer (F1) uses a perceptual facet lens (L) to first delimit a field of vision (V) within the world and then concentrate on a specific detail of the field of vision (F2), such as focalizing the tiles (F2) of a house (V) in the neighbourhood (W). Transposed into the nomenclature of Bal's “rhetoric of description”, the “V” becomes theme (house) and the “F2” is one of many possible sub-themes (tiles on the roof). The utility of Jahn's diagram lies in its ability to display the connection theme and sub-theme has to the focalizer and the focalized. Conclusion After having first summarized the “qi” ( 奇 ) paradigm, a long established framework for discussing Cen Shen's frontier poetry, this chapter then introduced a number of concepts associated with focalization. The purpose behind this temporary diversion from Cen Shen's frontier poetry was to introduce and explain the theoretical concepts which will soon be addressed to discover patterns and manners by which the poet-narrator focalizes the thermal, hibernal and distant frontier landscape in Cen Shen's poetry. Once having completed this analysis of the poet-narrator's habits of focalization, the (1996), pp. 241-267, especially p. 242.
131 underlining methods of focalizing the borderland environments in Cen Shen's frontier poetry will be uncovered, and a new appreciation of the frontier landscape will become available to readers. This appreciation, however, does not challenge the “qi” 奇 of the poetry but rather opens new roads into enjoying one particular poetic vision of Tang China's northwestern regions.
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Traversing the Periphery: Focalizat
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iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Tsung
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v 4.2. A Model of Focalization: Key
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Part One: Overview of High Tang Fro
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3 Part One: Overview of High Tang F
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5 recognition through martial emplo
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7 万里不惜死 Ten thousand
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9 “a far away place”; 边 also
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11 胡儿十岁能骑马 39 H
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13 胡人半解弹琵琶 54 T
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15 蕃书文字别 Fan 66 docum
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friends remain far from the front l
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19 poems”on the basis of geograph
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21 君子于役 My lord is in se
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23 probable setting of the poetic t
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particularly fitting in illustratin
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27 as for their relatives far from
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29 哥舒大夫破九曲之
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31 This sense of estrangement, as e
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33 and separation often found on th
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interest in describing the frontier
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37 Enduring Cold”. In Bao Zhao's
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39 Zhao's work intersects with the
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experience of having joined militar
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43 historical displacement (Han all
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45 To conclude, the preceding chapt
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47 the accepted definition of front
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49 to implement his vision of natio
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selection of High Tang poets must b
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53 “ 高岑迥别。高悲
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desire to dedicate oneself to the n
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57 and forever pacifying the border
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59 clearly encroaching upon the lit
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61 the Frontier” (“Saixia qu”
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63 铁门关西月如练双
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65 exemplifying High Tang advanceme
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67 孤城落日斗兵稀身
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69 traditional hermeneutics in whic
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wife, a domestic tearing caused by
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and his enduring memory. When read
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75 赤亭道口行人绝 The
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77 reinforced through a stacking of
Page 85 and 86: 79 habits in creating the literary
Page 87 and 88: 81 无花只有寒笛中闻
Page 89 and 90: Not only does Cen Shen surpass the
Page 91 and 92: 85 the frontier and absence qualify
Page 93 and 94: 87 its novelty and perspicacity; it
Page 95 and 96: Hao's “Hu” are compassionately
Page 97 and 98: 91 the physically immediate scene o
Page 99 and 100: ather enticing (if, according to so
Page 101 and 102: 95 (lines 5-10) The poem now moves
Page 103 and 104: 97 also the non-militaristic intera
Page 105 and 106: 99 non-Chinese languages of the Fan
Page 107 and 108: of the second quoted couplet by way
Page 109 and 110: integrate into his own previous exp
Page 111 and 112: 105 Part Two: Focalization in Cen S
Page 113 and 114: frontier settings, the second part
Page 115 and 116: the country's near abroad, a time w
Page 117 and 118: 111 argues that Cen Shen's frontier
Page 119 and 120: eathtaking scene depicted not only
Page 121 and 122: 115 河岳英灵集 ) 31 states
Page 123 and 124: 117 exemplification of “qi” (
Page 125 and 126: central Chinese physical and human
Page 127 and 128: 121 subject of focalization. 62 In
Page 129 and 130: focalization, as discussed in this
Page 131 and 132: 125 Prior to mentioning issues surr
Page 133 and 134: Aside from describing how the focal
Page 135: demonstrable bearing on the manner
Page 139 and 140: 133 彷徉无所倚 He roams ai
Page 141 and 142: 135 In short, the intention behind
Page 143 and 144: spouting upwards and overwhelming t
Page 145 and 146: 139 the Fire Mountain theme through
Page 147 and 148: 141 “carp” (liyu 鲤鱼 ) with
Page 149 and 150: 143 ordinary mode of focalization.
Page 151 and 152: It should be noted, however, that f
Page 153 and 154: 147 (“Song of Hot Lake”, lines
Page 155 and 156: 149 obliterate the impact of the pu
Page 157 and 158: 151 The traditionally dolorous doma
Page 159 and 160: 153 towards the indefatigable and s
Page 161 and 162: of the exterior frontier. The most
Page 163 and 164: 157 轮台东门送君去去
Page 165 and 166: 159 Shifts from distance to nearnes
Page 167 and 168: 161 It was previously noted in this
Page 169 and 170: 163 胡天八月即飞雪忽
Page 171 and 172: associations of desolation and uses
Page 173 and 174: 167 temperature, effects which tran
Page 175 and 176: 169 Conclusion There is an underlyi
Page 177 and 178: 171 Part Two : Focalization in Cen
Page 179 and 180: 173 In addition to these visual per
Page 181 and 182: 175 六月未春衣 21 In the s
Page 183 and 184: 177 连年闻鼓鼙故山在
Page 185 and 186: 179 空山啼夜猿既伤千
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181 poet-narrator's gaze (dong wang
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183 gazes westward, feelings of hom
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185 With the act of perceiving open
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187 isolation, are by far the lands
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189 frontier poetry and Chinese fro
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191 为报家人数寄书 Sen
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193 只在马蹄下明日归
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195 为缩天山东 and contrac
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the thermal frontier concentrated o
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199 Tang dynasty. As discovered qui
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201 alternates between that which t
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203 Frankel, Hans. “Yueh-Fu Poetr
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205 Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrati
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207 Gushiji 古诗记 . In Siku q
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209 Tan Youxue 谭优学 .“Bian
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211 Appendix I: Cen Shen's “Therm
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213 火山云歌送别 Parting
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215 使交河群 Mission To Jiao
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217 风挚红旗冻不翻 The
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219 走马川行奉送出师
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221 Appendix III: Cen Shen's “Dis
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223 经陇头分水陇水何
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225 过燕支寄杜位 Passing
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227 逢入京使 Encountering a
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229 宿铁关西馆 Staying the
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231 岁暮碛外寄元撝 At
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233 碛西头送李判官入
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235 安西馆中思长安 At
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237 寄宇文判官 Sent to Adm
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239 武威春暮闻宇文判
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241 临洮客舍留别祁四
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243 临洮泛舟赵仙舟自
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245 玉关寄长安李主簿
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