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they relate to both the focalizer and the focalized:
Within the world of a story or poem, here represented by the “W” domain, a focalizer (F1) uses a
perceptual facet lens (L) to first delimit a field of vision (V) within the world and then concentrate on a
specific detail of the field of vision (F2), such as focalizing the tiles (F2) of a house (V) in the
neighbourhood (W). Transposed into the nomenclature of Bal's “rhetoric of description”, the “V”
becomes theme (house) and the “F2” is one of many possible sub-themes (tiles on the roof). The utility
of Jahn's diagram lies in its ability to display the connection theme and sub-theme has to the focalizer
and the focalized.
Conclusion
After having first summarized the “qi” ( 奇 ) paradigm, a long established framework for
discussing Cen Shen's frontier poetry, this chapter then introduced a number of concepts associated
with focalization. The purpose behind this temporary diversion from Cen Shen's frontier poetry was to
introduce and explain the theoretical concepts which will soon be addressed to discover patterns and
manners by which the poet-narrator focalizes the thermal, hibernal and distant frontier landscape in
Cen Shen's poetry. Once having completed this analysis of the poet-narrator's habits of focalization, the
(1996), pp. 241-267, especially p. 242.