Computer Animation for Articulated 3D Characters

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overhead is small. Motion data analysis and processing is particularly important with the advent of movement capture methods from 2D video images, especially if the movement is extracted from general purpose video material where motions are not executed separately and expressively, with motion capture in mind. We need qualitative analysis to break captured movements (regardless from the source) into basic movements that represent separate actions, for a variety of combination possibilities, together with animation data qualitative variation based on movement parameters and psychological (mood, emotion) factors to simulate compelling animations for agent and avatar 3D characters. Regarding the actual motion analysis and alteration methods, many options exist. However, in the light of possibly using complex movement data captured from video sources, an obvious choice would be a motion segmentation method based on motion curve parameters, where the derivatives show movement endpoints, making the separation of movement sequences into basic movements possible. However, this method would have to be extended to extract the overlapping movement sequences of video based movement capture data, since in that case the movements are most likely mixed. References [1] Kenji Amaya, Armin Bruderlin, and Tom Calvert. Emotion from Motion. In Graphics Interface ’96, 1996. [2] Amaury Aubel, Ronan Boulic, and Daniel Thalmann. Animated Impostors for Real-Time Display of Numerous Virtual Humans. In Virtual Worlds ’98, pages 14–28, 1998. [3] Norman I. Badler, Rama Bindiganavale, Juliet Bourne, Jan Allbeck, Jianping Shi, and Martha Palmer. Real Time Virtual Humans. In Proceedings of International Conference on Digital Media Futures ’99. British Computer Society, 1999. [4] Norman I. Badler, Diane Chi, and Sonu Chopra. Virtual Human Animation Based on Movement Observation and Cognitive Behavior Models. In Computer Animation ’99, pages 128–137, 1999. [5] Norman I. Badler, Cary B. Phillips, and Bonnie L. Webber. Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics, Animation, and Control. Oxford University Press, 1993. [6] Srikanth Bandi and Daniel Thalmann. Space discretization for efficient human navigation. In Proc. Eurographics ’98, Computer GraphicsForum, volume 17(3), pages 195–206, 1998. [7] Y. Bellan, M. Costa, G. Ferrigno, F. Lombardi, L. Macchiarulo, A. Montuori, E. Pasero, and C. Rigotti. Artificial Neural Networks for Motion Emulation in Virtual Environments. In CAPTECH’98, pages 83–99. Springer, 1998. [8] Uwe Beyer and Frank Śmieja. A Heuristic Approach to the Inverse Differential Kinematics Problem. In Journal of Intelligent Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications, volume 18(4), pages 309–327, 1997. 18
[9] Rama Bindiganavale, William Schuler, Jan M. Allbeck, Norman I. Badler, Aravind K. Joshi, and Martha Palmer. Dynamically Altering Agent Behaviors Using Natural Language Instructions. In Autonomous Agents 2000, pages 293–300, 2000. [10] Ramamani N. Bindiganavale. Building Parameterized Action Representations from Observation. PhD thesis. [11] Bruce M. Blumberg and Tinsley A. Galyean. Multi-Level Direction of Autonomous Creatures for Real-Time Virtual Environments. In Computer Graphics (Siggraph ’95 Proceedings), pages 47–54, 1995. [12] Vincent Bonnafous, Eric Menou, Jean-Pierre Jessel, and René Caubet. Cooperative and Concurrent Blending Motion Generators. In International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision (WSCG’2001), 2001. [13] Ronan Boulic, Pascal Bécheiraz, Luc Emering, and Daniel Thalmann. Integration of Motion Control Techniques for Virtual Human and Avatar Real-Time Animation. In VRST’97, pages 111–118. ACM, 1997. [14] Ronan Boulic, Ramon Mas, and Daniel Thalmann. Inverse Kinetics for Center of Mass Position Control and Posture Optimization. In European Workshop on Combined Real and Synthetic Image Processing for Broadcast and Video Production , 1994. [15] Ronan Boulic, Ramon Mas, and Daniel Thalmann. Robust Position Control of the Center of Mass with Second Order Inverse Kinetics. In Computers Graphics Journal, 1996. [16] Matthew Brand and Aaron Hertzmann. Style Machines. In Computer Graphics (Siggraph ’00 Proceedings), pages 183–192, 2000. [17] David C. Brogan, Ronald A. Metoyer, and Jessica K. Hodgins. Dynamically Simulated Characters in Virtual Environments. In IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, volume 15(5), pages 58–69, 1998. [18] Armin Bruderlin and Tom Calvert. Knowledge-Driven, Interactive Animation of Human Running. In Graphics Interface ’96, 1996. [19] Armin Bruderlin and Lance Williams. Motion Signal Processing. In Computer Graphics (Siggraph ’95 Proceedings), pages 97–104, 1995. [20] Deborah A. Carlson and Jessica K. Hodgins. Simulation Levels of Detail for Real-time Animation. In Graphics Interface ’97, 1997. [21] Justine Cassell, Catherine Pelachaud, Norman Badler, Mark Steedman, Brett Achorn, Tripp Becket, Brett Douville, Scott Prevost, and Matthew Stone. Animated Conversation: Rule-based Generation of Facial Expression, Gesture & Spoken Intonation for Multiple Conversational Agents. In Computer Graphics (Siggraph ’94 Proceedings), pages 413–420. ACM Press, 1994. [22] Justine Cassell, Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson, and Timothy Bickmore. BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit. In Computer Graphics (Siggraph ’01 Proceedings), pages 477–486, 2001. 19
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Computer Animation for Articulated 3D Characters

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