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A Genealogy of the Extraterrestrial in American Culture

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were, more or less, ascended masters from o<strong>the</strong>r planets. Here <strong>the</strong> strangeness factor was<br />

<strong>in</strong>creased slightly <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>—<strong>the</strong> masters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> space bro<strong>the</strong>r religions no<br />

longer hid away ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong> obscure eastern locales such as Tibet or on o<strong>the</strong>r planets, but resided<br />

exclusively <strong>of</strong>f planet.<br />

All <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> preced<strong>in</strong>g iterations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> O<strong>the</strong>r, discussed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> first three chapters, while<br />

evidenc<strong>in</strong>g an <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g distance from <strong>the</strong> human, were still recognizable as human. While <strong>the</strong><br />

use <strong>of</strong> trance, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>trusion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r-worldly and <strong>the</strong> held-forth promises <strong>of</strong> dramatic social<br />

change all spoke to <strong>the</strong> disruptive, centrifugal energies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> displaced utopian imag<strong>in</strong>ary—<strong>the</strong>y<br />

did so via messengers fundamentally comfort<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir familiar forms. Spiritualism promised<br />

<strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual identity on <strong>the</strong> far side <strong>of</strong> death. The ascended master and space<br />

bro<strong>the</strong>r promised <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> species identity on <strong>the</strong> far side <strong>of</strong> some less def<strong>in</strong>ed but<br />

equally momentous change—a change that promised to affect not <strong>in</strong>dividual humans one at a<br />

time, but all humans <strong>in</strong> some simultaneous leap forward. All spoke to a desire for radical change<br />

without an accompany<strong>in</strong>g will<strong>in</strong>gness to leave beh<strong>in</strong>d <strong>the</strong> familiar contours <strong>of</strong> human existence.<br />

All spoke to <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> achiev<strong>in</strong>g perfection without alter<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> fundamental self—<br />

f<strong>in</strong>ess<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> tension between <strong>the</strong> basic drives toward ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> self and subsumption by<br />

some larger body.<br />

The second dynamic, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g embodiedness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> encounter between human and<br />

O<strong>the</strong>r began at <strong>the</strong> far range <strong>of</strong> disembodiedment with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rworldly travels <strong>of</strong> Emmanuel<br />

Swedenborg—<strong>the</strong> primary philosophical forbearer <strong>of</strong> <strong>American</strong> Spiritualism. Swedenborg, by<br />

slow<strong>in</strong>g his respiration (you will recall, Swedenborg claimed he was able to respire “<strong>in</strong>wardly”)<br />

self-<strong>in</strong>duced a trance state, via which he was able to astrally travel throughout <strong>the</strong> cosmos. In<br />

this <strong>in</strong>stance contact played out <strong>in</strong> a fully disembodied fashion—with Swedenborg act<strong>in</strong>g via his<br />

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