Hayes and Garber - Cucurbit Breeding

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206 BREEDING CHOP PLANTS abnormalities which are isolated. These abnormalities through ordinary seed selection are not eliminated from the commercial variety. Self-fertilized strains, however, stand or fall upon their FIG. 48. Average yields of 4 self-fertilized corn strains above; F\ crosses in the center; the double cross below. (After Jones.) own merits. Through self-fertilization the unfavorable strains may be eliminated. Crossing of the more desirable strains method for synthetically followed by selection seems a logical producing improved maize varieties.
CHAPTER XV GRASSES, CLOVER, AND ALFALFA The importance of hay crops in the world's agriculture makes desirable their consideration from the standpoint of improvement by breeding. Grasses, clover, and alfalfa differ strikingly in (see Chapter III) amount of seed set when artificially selfpollinated. Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is practically selfsterile; white clover (Trifolium repens) sets few seeds when protected from insect pollination; timothy (Phleum pratense) under a bag produces few seeds; and brome grass (Bromus arvensis) under the same conditions sets seed abundantly. Although common alfalfa (Medicago saliva) and yellow alfalfa (M. falcata) cross freely, seed of either may be produced by selfing. Enough examples have been cited to show that there are not only differences in the modes of pollination in the three mentioned classes of hay crops but also differences within each class. Carefully controlled experiments with grasses to determine the percentage of naturally crossed and naturally selffertilized seed are very limited. To what extent decrease in is also an un- vigor will result from artificial self-pollination answered question. When self -sterility is not a limiting factor, the methods of breeding all these crops are essentially alike. The ease with which some of them may be clonally reproduced has led to slight modifications in breeding technic. In the following brief discussion, the aim has been to choose a few examples rather than to enter into an exhaustive treatment of the entire field. GRASSES Timothy ranks far ahead of the other grasses in importance. Some of the other hay grasses which may be mentioned are orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), tall oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) and brome , grass (Bromus inermis) . These three grasses are adapted to certain conditions better than is timothy. Some important pasture grasses are Kentucky bluegrass (Poa praten- 207
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AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL PUBLICA
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s'g S 2 ! o s s
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COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY THE McGRAW-HiLL
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PREFACE Since the early development
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. Early CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUC
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CONTENTS xiii PAGE Color of grain a
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CONTENTS XV PAGE Sorghum 178 Origin
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CONTENTS xvn CHAPTER XIX FARMERS' M
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2 BREEDING CROP PLANTS times by pri
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4 BREEDING CROP PLANTS "In the vege
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6 BREEDING CROP PLANTS more attenti
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8 BREEDL\C CROP PLANTS by one of it
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10 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 1. Variabil
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12 BREEDING CROP PLANTS bud sports
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14 BREEDING CROP PLANTS who gives t
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* CHAPTER II PLANT GENETICS 1 Since
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18 BREEDING CROP PLANTS pair being
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20 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The Inherit
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22 BREEDING CROP PLANTS which are n
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24 BREEDING CROP PLANTS There is a
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26 BREEDING CROP PLANTS and Pr. let
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! 28 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The gener
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30 BREEDING CROP PLANTS intermediat
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32 BREEDING CROP PLANTS a conceptio
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34 BREEDING CROP PLANT* Group 4. Ve
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36 BREEDING CROP PLANTS crosses. Sm
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38 BREEDING CROP PLANTS mas protrud
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40 BREEDING CROP PLANTS between the
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Average 42 BREEDING CROP PLANTS tob
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44 BREEDING CROP PLANTS same for th
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46 BREEDING CROP PLANTS order to il
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48 BREEDING CROP PLANTS existence i
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50 BREEDING CROP PLANTS basis of do
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52 BREEDING CROP PLANTS certain con
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54 BREEDING CROP PLANTS for the pur
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56 BREEDING CROP PLANTS four plots.
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58 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE XI. T
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60 BREEDING CROP PLANTS series then
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62 BREEDING CROP PLANTS central row
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64 BREEDING CROP PLANTS nating rows
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66 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The groupin
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68 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Two men may
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70 BREEDING CROP PLANTS A common pr
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72 BREEDING CROP PLANTS method (1),
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74 BREEDING CROP PLANTS flowers whi
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76 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Classificat
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78 BREEDING CROP PLANTS crosses bet
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80 BREEDING CROP PLANTS and those f
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82 BREEDING CROP PLANTS generation
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84 BREEDING CROP PLANTS nuclei, the
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86 BREEDING CROP PLANTS crosses bet
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88 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The Howards
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90 BREEDING CROP PLANTS CC. Lemma w
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92 BREEDING CROP PLANTS development
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94 BREEDING CROP PLANTS grains on h
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96 BREEDING CROP PLANTS susceptibil
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98 BREEDING CROP PLANTS gous forms
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100 BREEDING CROP PLANTS was though
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102 BREEDING CROP PLANTS mediates b
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104 BREEDING CROP PLANTS crosses ha
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106 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Wild rye,
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108 BREEDING CROP PLANTS same plant
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110 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Time of cu
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112 KREEDINd CHOP PLANTS variety te
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114 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Selection.
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116 BREEDING CROP PLANTS of selecti
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CHAPTER IX SOME RESULTS OF SELECTIO
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120 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Briefly, i
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122 BREEDING CROP PLANTS In the abo
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124 BREEDING CROP PLANTS correlatio
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126 BREEDING CROP PLANTS likewise s
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128 BREEDING CROP PLANTS WHEAT SELE
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130 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE XXVI
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CHAPTER X SOME RESULTS OF CROSSING
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134 BREEDING CROP PLANTS A Wheat Cr
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136 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Among othe
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138 BREEDING CROP PLANTS some of th
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140 BREEDING CROP PLANTS to quality
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142 BREEDING CROP PLANTS index is o
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144 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Factor sys
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146 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Later more
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148 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Parents Co
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150 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The Lyon b
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152 BREEDING CROP PLANTS isolated t
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154 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 4 FIG, 34.
Page 180 and 181: 156 BREEDING CROP PLANTS same resul
Page 182 and 183: 158 BREEDING CROP PLANTS grown for
Page 184 and 185: 160 BREEDING CROP PLANTS longer tha
Page 186 and 187: 162 BREEDING CROP PLANTS with the p
Page 188 and 189: 164 BREEDING CROP PLANTS "4. When a
Page 190 and 191: 166 BREEDING CROP PLANTS variabilit
Page 192 and 193: 168 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 1910 to 19
Page 194 and 195: 170 BREEDING CROP PLANTS
Page 196 and 197: 172 BREEDING CROP PLANTS normal var
Page 198 and 199: 174 BREEDING CROP PLANTS branching
Page 200 and 201: 176 BREEDING CROP PLANTS hybrid seg
Page 202 and 203: 178 BREEDING CROP PLANT* which are
Page 204 and 205: 180 BREEDING CROP PLANTS the settin
Page 206 and 207: 182 BREEDING CROP PLANTS organs. Th
Page 208 and 209: 184 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Xenia may
Page 210 and 211: 186 BREEDING CROP PLANTS manner as
Page 212 and 213: 188 BREEDING CROP PLANTS to a singl
Page 214 and 215: 190 BREEDING CROP PLANTS pure race
Page 216 and 217: 192 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Studies of
Page 218 and 219: 194 BREEDING CROP PLANTS B. RESULT
Page 220 and 221: 196 BREEDING CROP PLANTS corn and g
Page 222 and 223: 198 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE XLV.
Page 224 and 225: 200 BREEDING CROP PLANTS system of
Page 226 and 227: 202 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Kempton we
Page 228 and 229: 204 BREEDING CROP PLANTS general ru
Page 232 and 233: 208 BREEDING CROP PLANTS sis), Cana
Page 234 and 235: 210 BREEDING CROP PLANTS plant sele
Page 236 and 237: 212 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The practi
Page 238 and 239: 214 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE LIII
Page 240 and 241: 216 BREEDING CROP PLANTS belong to
Page 242 and 243: 218 BREEDING CROP PLANTS correlatio
Page 244 and 245: 220 BREEDING CROP PLANTS approached
Page 246 and 247: 222 BREEDING CROP PLANTS P. Segrega
Page 248 and 249: 224 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 1. The het
Page 250 and 251: 226 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE LV.
Page 252 and 253: 228 BREEDING CROP PLANTS These earl
Page 254 and 255: 230 BREEDING CROP PLANTS For the 16
Page 256 and 257: 232 BREEDING CROP PLANTS variety ca
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Page 260 and 261: 236 BREEDING CROP PLANTS not known,
Page 262 and 263: 238 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Le = long
Page 264 and 265: 240 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE LXI.
Page 266 and 267: 242 BREEDING CROP PLANTS shell bean
Page 268 and 269: 244 BREEDING CROP PLANTS data on th
Page 270 and 271: 246 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE LXII
Page 272 and 273: 248 BREEDING CROP PLANTS need not b
Page 274 and 275: 250 BREEDING CROP PLANTS radish pla
Page 276 and 277: 252 BREEDING CROP PLANTS kohl-rabi.
Page 278 and 279: 254 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE LXV.
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256 BREEDING CROP PLANTS nucleus of
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258 BREEDING CROP PLANTS These data
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260 BREEDING CROP PLANTS recommende
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262 BREEDING CROP PLANTS varieties
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264 BREEDING CROP PLANTS TABLE LXVI
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266 BREEDING CROP PLANTS probably a
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268 BREEDING CROP PLANTS condition
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270 BREEDING CROP PLANTS very notic
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272 BREEDING CROP PLANTS these vari
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274 BREEDING CROP PLANTS bud sports
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The 276 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Stewar
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278 BREEDING CROP PLANTS made and 4
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280 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 1. A knowl
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282 BREEDING CROP PLANTS WHAT IS GO
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284 BREEDING CROP PLANTS METHODS OF
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286 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The seed p
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288 BREEDING CROP PLANTS report of
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290 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 5. Give sp
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292 BREEDING CROP PLANTS First Year
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DEFINITIONS 1 Acquired Character. A
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296 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Heredity.
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298 BREEDING CROP PLANTS Replicatio
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300 BREEDING CROP PLANTS BALLS, W.
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302 BREEDING CROP PLANTS CUMMINGS,
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304 BREEDING CROP PLANTS FRANDSEN,
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306 BREEDING CROP PLANTS HARRIS, J.
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308 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 1912. On t
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310 BREEDING CROP PLANTS LEAKE H. M
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312 BREEDING CROP PLANTS NILSSON-EH
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314 BREEDING CROP PLANTS RUSSELL, H
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316 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 1915. Die
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318 BREEDING CROP. PLANTS 1918. Inh
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320 INDEX Breeding, cotton, 177 cuc
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322 INDEX ( iaincs, disease resista
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324 INDEX Le Couteur, selection, sm
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326 INDEX Ray, species, first use o
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328 INDEX Wheat, artificial crossin
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Hayes and Garber - Cucurbit Breeding

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