Hayes and Garber - Cucurbit Breeding
Hayes and Garber - Cucurbit Breeding Hayes and Garber - Cucurbit Breeding
88 BREEDING CROP PLANTS The Howards (1915) state that standing power is due to a combination of a strong root system and stiff straw and report segregation and recombination in a cross between two varieties, each of which contained one character and lacked the other. It was impossible to determine the factors involved. Spillman (1909) made a cross between a winter wheat with weak straw and spring wheat with stiff straw and obtained in later generation a winter wheat with stiff straw. Examples of inheritance of other similar characters could be given. It is reasonable to conclude that those growth characters which determine the productive capabilities of each variety are inherited in the same manner as botanical characters. They are due, generally, to the interaction of numerous factors which are dependent for their full expression on favorable environmental conditions.
D. Lemma with four teeth or awn points Ȧvena abyssinica. CHAPTER VII CLASSIFICATION AND INHERITANCE OF SMALL GRAINS OTHER THAN WHEAT In the cases of barley and oats quite usable classifications have been proposed. The general adoption of such classification schemes is desirable for often great confusion results from the incorrect use of varietal names. Classification schemes can not be given in detail in a plant breeding text. It seems sufficient here to point out the genetic relationship between wild and cultivated species and to give the major so-called species groups for the various crops. The more important botanical and agronomic characters which are commonly used in varietal classification have also been mentioned. As crossing must frequently be resorted to as a means of improving small grains, the student should have a working knowledge of the known facts of inheritance with respect to particular characters. CLASSIFICATION AND INHERITANCE IN OATS A workable classification of cultivated American oat varieties and the basic wild species has been made by Etheridge (1917). The following outline of species groups is taken from his publication; A. Kernel loose within the surrounding hull; lemma and glumes alike in texture Avena nuda. AA. Kernel firmly clasped by the hull; lemma and glumes different in texture. B. Upper grains persistent to their rachillas Avena sterilis. BB. Upper grains easily separating from their rachillas. C. Lemma bearing as teeth or awn points. DD. Lemma with two teeth or awn points. E. Lemma elongate, lanceolate, with distinct awn points Avena strigosa. EE, Lemma short, abrupt, blunt, rather toothed than awn-pointed , ,
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88 BREEDING CROP PLANTS<br />
The Howards (1915) state that st<strong>and</strong>ing power is due to a<br />
combination of a strong root system <strong>and</strong> stiff straw <strong>and</strong> report<br />
segregation <strong>and</strong> recombination in a cross between two varieties,<br />
each of which contained one character <strong>and</strong> lacked the other. It<br />
was impossible to determine the factors involved. Spillman<br />
(1909) made a cross between a winter wheat with weak straw <strong>and</strong><br />
spring wheat with stiff straw <strong>and</strong> obtained in later generation a<br />
winter wheat with stiff straw. Examples of inheritance of other<br />
similar characters could be given. It is reasonable to conclude<br />
that those growth characters which determine the productive<br />
capabilities of each variety are inherited in the same manner<br />
as botanical characters. They are due, generally, to the interaction<br />
of numerous factors which are dependent for their full<br />
expression on favorable environmental conditions.
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