Our sense organs 45

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One cell contains 32 pg (1 picogram = 10 -12 g) hemoglobin, comprising about 300 million molecules. This red pigment comprises about 95 % of the dry weight of erythrocytes. Interestingly, the 32 pg per cell in an adult organism is practically a universal constant for the animal kingdom. In terms of volume the quantity of Hb is about 140 g/l for adult women, and 160 g/l for men. Consisting of four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges ( – CH = ), the heme has a bivalent iron atom at its centre. Oxygen can be attached to the central iron atom without changing its chemical valence. The Creator designed this amazing structure without which human life would not have been possible. Consider the following: Eosinophilic granulocyte Platelets (thrombocytes) Small lymphocyte The body thus has a total quantity of between 700 and 960 grams of Hb available in its 5 to 6 litres of blood. The percentage of iron in hemoglobin is 0.334 %, so that 3 grams, or 70 %, of all the iron in the body is located in the hemoglobin. Each of these Hb molecules is a complex protein, consisting of globin (Greek globus = sphere) which is connected to an iron-containing pigment component, heme (Greek haima = blood) by means of four polypeptide chains. Because of the four chains this protein is known as a tetrameric protein (Greek tetra = four). Two of these chains consist of 141 amino acids (the α chain ), and the other two have 146 amino acids (the β chain). The normal hemoglobin for an adult is indicated by Hb-α 2 β 2 or simply HbA. The exact sequence of the amino acids in the chains is of crucial importance for the structure of the globin molecule. Small deviations can seriously affect its function. 60 Normally, in the presence of water and oxygen, the iron in free heme is immediately oxidised to tri-valent iron (hematin); it cannot then absorb any oxygen. The Creator prevented this futile reaction by shaping the globin chain to form a protective coat. This chain also has other important functional properties: In the first place the absorption of oxygen is reversible, since it does not depend on a chemical bond. If a chemical bond had to be severed, energy would have been required. Secondly, the quantity of oxygen to be absorbed or released can be regulated, making it possible to supply varying levels of oxygen to peripheral <strong>organs</strong> according to their physiological requirements. It can also be stated thus: Human life could not have existed without the finely tuned properties of hemoglobin, which are the result of its well designed molecular structure.
The entire molecule, consisting of 10,000 atoms, has a molecular weight of about 68,000 (compare: H 2 O: 18, CO 2 : 44, insulin: 41,000). It is precisely folded in such a way as to obtain its characteristic near-spherical shape (diameter: 5.5 nm, 1 nm = 10 -9 m). Each of its four equal sized parts is also roughly spherical. only diffuse into body tissues when it is physically dissolved. But most of the oxygen transported by the blood is bound to Hb, maximally in the ratio of four oxygen molecules per molecule of Hb. It follows that one gram of Hb can absorb 1.36 ml oxygen (Hüfner’s number). The average man has 15.3 g of Hb per 100 ml blood, and a woman has 14.5 g Hb, so that each 100 ml of a man’s blood can carry 20.8 ml O 2 (19.7 ml in the case of a woman), when all the heme is fully oxygenated. Hb thus transports 70 times as much oxygen as that which can be physically dissolved in the serum. The total amount of Hb in 5.5 litres of blood is between about 7<strong>45</strong> and 820 g. Some noteworthy numbers: Large lymphocyte When oxygenated, the colour of the blood changes from dull purplish (the venous blood depleted of oxygen) to a bright scarlet (the colour of oxygenrich arterial blood). Oxygenated Hb is known as oxy-hemoglobin. The theoretical oxygen capacity of the 5 – 6 litres of blood in the body is between 1,100 and 1,400 ml, but only 25 % of this amount is actually utilised. In an equal volume of water (5 – 6 litres) at 20 °C only 150 – 180 ml oxygen can be dissolved (and even less at 37 °C). When carbon monoxide (CO) is inhaled, it replaces oxygen, because it binds more tightly with Hb. This explains the high toxity of even small concentrations of CO in the air. A fraction of the oxygen is transported by the blood in the form of dissolved O 2 , as is the case with other respiratory gases. Although this quantity of oxygen (0.3 ml per 100 ml blood) is minute, it is quite important, since oxygen can The total number of red blood corpuscles: 25 million million That is, – in one cubic millimetre (mm 3 ): 5,000,000 – in one drop of blood: 250,000,000 – in one cubic cm (cm 3 ): 5,000,000,000 Total surface area of all red blood cells: 3,800 m 2 Total number of white blood cells: 35,000 million Total number of platelets: 1.25 million million To get some visual grasp of the immense number of erythrocytes in our body: If all these red blood cells were stacked one on top of the other, the stack would reach a height of 40,000 km, the circumference of the earth at the equator. If all 25 million million red blood corpuscles were laid down next to one another, we would have a 190,000 km long band which would be nearly five times the circumference of the earth. Red blood cell differences before and after birth: Concerning the transport of oxygen in the blood, two requirements must be met right throughout the three different stages of the human being (embryonic, fetal and adult) considered here. All parts of the body must be supplied with the necessary amounts of oxygen; similarly, the CO 2 resulting from oxidation needs to be transported away. Each of these various developmental stages has differing circulatory and metabolic situations, so the capacity of the blood to transport these gases needs to be different in 61
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1 st English edition 1999 2 nd Expa
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Contents Foreword .................
Page 8 and 9:
Foreword What would you expect from
Page 10 and 11: Part 1: Man - an ingenious construc
Page 13 and 14: The eye - our window to the outside
Page 15 and 16: the inside of the eyeball. It conta
Page 17 and 18: ➨ ➨ ➨ not mean that we can se
Page 19: eyes. There will be no more death o
Page 22 and 23: Malleus Head Long (lateral) process
Page 24 and 25: amplitudes. The pressure exerted by
Page 26 and 27: Whispering 25 Spacious office 50 Mo
Page 28 and 29: less viscous liquid, called the per
Page 30 and 31: The sense of smell - beyond words F
Page 32 and 33: finest detail, using plenty of imag
Page 35 and 36: The sense of taste - not just for c
Page 37: self will serve believers as his gu
Page 40 and 41: A section of human skin. The layers
Page 42: 3 In addition to sweat, the skin al
Page 46 and 47: Heaven: a) Heaven is a place where
Page 49 and 50: The heart - more than a high-tech p
Page 51 and 52: from the heart via the arteries. Th
Page 53 and 54: Foetal circulatory system. Neonatal
Page 55: “shunted on a siding” as far as
Page 58 and 59: 6 Transportation of hormones: The b
Page 62 and 63: each case. We can only stand amazed
Page 64 and 65: The Bible and blood: Having explore
Page 67 and 68: The kidneys - marvels of filtration
Page 69: ➡ ment, followed by the thin loop
Page 72 and 73: The cells - our body’s 100 millio
Page 75 and 76: DNA - information storage technolog
Page 77 and 78: total anatomy and physiology of a h
Page 79: The structure of the DNA molecule:
Page 82 and 83: Neurons are the building blocks of
Page 84 and 85: municate, to evaluate, and to be cr
Page 86 and 87: Motor cortex - body movements The
Page 88 and 89: The fact that Archimedes had hands
Page 91 and 92: Body, soul, and spirit - man is mor
Page 93 and 94: a) A small cube lies in the corner
Page 95 and 96: MAN’S STRUCTURE Monism Dualism Tr
Page 97 and 98: explained in terms of a technologic
Page 99 and 100: What is man? Having learned of the
Page 101 and 102: Genesis 1:28: “God blessed them a
Page 103 and 104: TEKEL, PARSIN. This is what these w
Page 105 and 106: with Abraham (Gen 15:7-21, 17:3-14)
Page 107 and 108: Does God also have sense organs? We
Page 109 and 110: 109
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Every person - known to God? Job sa
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- a distorted image evolutionary th
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A very special man: Jesus Today man
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117
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All unbelief is sin, as we read in
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water here will soon be death’s p
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single set yet constructed, Cameron
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en, but only he who does the will o
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engines and at 7.16 metres diameter
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Personal testimonies: Jesus found t
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friends whom I could consult. The b
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133
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Getting your name in the “Book of
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sheep... I am the good shepherd; I
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to make sure that the entire Word o
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Beloved of God Today many people al
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Man in heaven: sharing the glory of
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On the third of June 1998, possibly
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something special. The first night
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The Empress Elisabeth of Austria, b
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Jesus prays to His Father in John 1
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© Copyrights and acknowledgements:
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Our sense organs 45

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