Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
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c<strong>on</strong>vert <strong>advertising</strong> expenditures to other<br />
TAPS activities, including sp<strong>on</strong>sorship of<br />
events popular am<strong>on</strong>g youth, such as<br />
sports <strong>and</strong> music events, <strong>and</strong> to <strong>tobacco</strong><br />
promoti<strong>on</strong>s in bars <strong>and</strong> nightclubs (10).<br />
Examples of this type of substituti<strong>on</strong> by the<br />
<strong>tobacco</strong> industry include the immediate<br />
increase in expenditures for print media<br />
<strong>advertising</strong> in the United States in 1971<br />
to compensate for a complete ban <strong>on</strong><br />
televisi<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> radio <strong>tobacco</strong> <strong>advertising</strong><br />
(49). In Singapore, the first country to restrict<br />
<strong>tobacco</strong> <strong>advertising</strong>, <strong>tobacco</strong> companies<br />
increased their spending <strong>on</strong> televisi<strong>on</strong><br />
<strong>advertising</strong> in neighbouring Malaysia<br />
that could be received by c<strong>on</strong>sumers in<br />
Singapore, <strong>and</strong> Philip Morris introduced a<br />
new cigarette br<strong>and</strong> by first promoting a<br />
wine cooler with the same name<br />
(a tactic known as “br<strong>and</strong> stretching”) (50).<br />
Voluntary restricti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> TAPS activities<br />
are also ineffective (10, 51), as ultimately<br />
there is no law compelling the industry to<br />
comply with its own voluntary regulati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
(52, 53). In additi<strong>on</strong>, voluntary restricti<strong>on</strong>s<br />
usually do not cover activities by <strong>tobacco</strong><br />
retailers, distributors <strong>and</strong> importers, which<br />
in most cases not are under direct c<strong>on</strong>trol<br />
<strong>and</strong> supervisi<strong>on</strong> of <strong>tobacco</strong> companies, <strong>and</strong><br />
c<strong>on</strong>sequently fail to prevent point-of-sale<br />
<strong>advertising</strong> or displays, which are am<strong>on</strong>g the<br />
most pervasive forms of <strong>tobacco</strong> <strong>advertising</strong>.<br />
Adolescents in Northern Africa are more likely to smoke if exposed to<br />
<strong>tobacco</strong> promoti<strong>on</strong><br />
Current smokers (%)<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
8<br />
6<br />
Not exposed to this type of promoti<strong>on</strong><br />
9.2<br />
7.7<br />
14.1<br />
Exposed to this type of promoti<strong>on</strong><br />
14.1<br />
10.7<br />
6.1<br />
10.2<br />
6.8<br />
10.1<br />
4<br />
4.3<br />
2<br />
0<br />
Seeing actors smoke<br />
<strong>on</strong> TV/in films<br />
Owning an object<br />
with a cigarette<br />
logo<br />
Seeing a cigarette<br />
ad <strong>on</strong> TV<br />
Seeing a cigarette<br />
ad <strong>on</strong> a billboard<br />
Seeing a cigarette<br />
ad in a magazine<br />
or newspaper<br />
Source: (54).<br />
Notes: all differences statistically significant at p10.0<br />
5.1–7.5<br />
7.6–10.0<br />
Data not available<br />
>10.0<br />
0 875 1,750 3,500 Kilometers<br />
Not applicable Data not availableData source: latest available Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) <strong>and</strong> Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)<br />
0 875 1,750 Kilometers<br />
3,500<br />
Not applicable<br />
Data source: latest available Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) <strong>and</strong> Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)<br />
The boundaries <strong>and</strong> names shown <strong>and</strong> the designati<strong>on</strong>s used <strong>on</strong> this map do not imply the expressi<strong>on</strong> of any opini<strong>on</strong> whatsoever<br />
Data Source: World Health Organizati<strong>on</strong><br />
<strong>on</strong> the part of the World The Source: boundaries Health (30). <strong>and</strong> Organizati<strong>on</strong> names shown c<strong>on</strong>cerning <strong>and</strong> the designati<strong>on</strong>s the legal used status <strong>on</strong> this of map any do country, not imply the territory, expressi<strong>on</strong> city of or any area opini<strong>on</strong> or whatsoever of its authorities, Data Source: World Map Health Producti<strong>on</strong>: Organizati<strong>on</strong> Public Health Informati<strong>on</strong><br />
or c<strong>on</strong>cerning the delimitati<strong>on</strong> the part of the<br />
Notes: The<br />
of World<br />
range<br />
its fr<strong>on</strong>tiers Health Organizati<strong>on</strong><br />
of survey<br />
or<br />
years<br />
boundaries. c<strong>on</strong>cerning<br />
(data year)<br />
Dotted the legal<br />
used<br />
<strong>and</strong> status<br />
for producing<br />
dashed of any lines country,<br />
these<br />
<strong>on</strong><br />
maps<br />
maps territory,<br />
is<br />
represent city or area<br />
2004-2011.<br />
approximate or of its authorities, border lines Map Producti<strong>on</strong>: <strong>and</strong> Public Geographic Health Informati<strong>on</strong><br />
Systems (GIS)<br />
for which there may or not c<strong>on</strong>cerning yet be the full delimitati<strong>on</strong> agreement. of its fr<strong>on</strong>tiers or boundaries. Dotted <strong>and</strong> dashed lines <strong>on</strong> maps represent approximate border lines<br />
<strong>and</strong> Geographic World Informati<strong>on</strong> Health Systems Organizati<strong>on</strong> (GIS)<br />
© WHO 2013. All rights reserved.<br />
for The which following there may countries not yet be <strong>and</strong> full agreement. territories have c<strong>on</strong>ducted subnati<strong>on</strong>al or regi<strong>on</strong>al level GYTS: Afghanistan, Algeria, Benin, World Bolivia Health (Plurinati<strong>on</strong>al Organizati<strong>on</strong> State of), Brazil, Burkina Faso, © Camero<strong>on</strong>, WHO 2013. All Central rights reserved. African Republic, Chile,<br />
China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the C<strong>on</strong>go, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, H<strong>on</strong>duras, Iraq, Liberia, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Pol<strong>and</strong>, Somalia, United Republic of Tanzania,<br />
Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe, <strong>and</strong> West Bank <strong>and</strong> Gaza Strip.<br />
28 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, 2013 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, 2013 29