1cm Particle-based simulations as a tool for ... - Faculty of Physics

Particle-based simulations as a tool for studying
aerosol-cloud-aerosol interactions.
Anna Jaruga
Hanna Pawłowska
Sylwester Arabas
University of Warsaw
Faculty of Physics
Institute of Geophysics

aerosol-cloud-aerosol interactions:
• processed CCN formed by evaporation of
• collisionally-grown drops
• drops within which irreversible oxidation occurred
• CCN spectrum modification by wet deposition
• adequate cloud µ-physics representations?

aerosol-cloud-aerosol interactions:
• processed CCN formed by evaporation of
• collisionally-grown drops
• drops within which irreversible oxidation occurred
• CCN spectrum modification by wet deposition
• adequate cloud µ-physics representations?

aerosol-cloud-aerosol interactions:
• processed CCN formed by evaporation of
• collisionally-grown drops
• drops within which irreversible oxidation occurred
• CCN spectrum modification by wet deposition
• adequate cloud µ-physics representations?

aerosol-cloud-aerosol interactions:
• processed CCN formed by evaporation of
• collisionally-grown drops
• drops within which irreversible oxidation occurred
• CCN spectrum modification by wet deposition
• adequate cloud µ-physics representations?

aerosol-cloud-aerosol interactions:
• processed CCN formed by evaporation of
• collisionally-grown drops
• drops within which irreversible oxidation occurred
• CCN spectrum modification by wet deposition
• adequate cloud µ-physics representations?

adequate cloud µ-physics representations?

adequate cloud µ-physics representations?
single-moment bulk:
no influence of aerosol on cloud
• available liquid water is divided into
categories such as cloud water or rain
water
• different parametrisations of source and
sink terms are applied to each category
qc
source terms
(q c , q r )
qr

adequate cloud µ-physics representations?
single-moment bulk:
no influence of aerosol on cloud
multi-moment bulk,
1D-bin:
aerosol may influence cloud
no "memory" of drop nuclei
• available liquid water is divided into
categories such as cloud water or rain
water
• different parametrisations of source and
sink terms are applied to each category
qc, Nc
source terms
(q c , Nc, q r , N r )
qr,
Nr

adequate cloud µ-physics representations?
single-moment bulk:
no influence of aerosol on cloud
multi-moment bulk,
1D-bin:
aerosol may influence cloud
no "memory" of drop nuclei
• available liquid water is divided into
different histogram bins
N
• parametrisations of source and sink
terms are applied to each bin
r

adequate cloud µ-physics representations?
"dry radius" (nucleus)
2D-bin
Eulerian
"wet radius" (solution drop)
single-moment bulk:
no influence of aerosol on cloud
multi-moment bulk,
1D-bin:
aerosol may influence cloud
no "memory" of drop nuclei
• available liquid water is divided into
different histogram bins
• 2D histogram is created with ”wet”
and ”dry” radius
• parametrisations of source and sink
terms are applied to each bin
r d
N
r

adequate cloud µ-physics representations?
"dry radius" (nucleus)
2D-bin
Eulerian
Lagrangian
"wet radius" (solution drop)
single-moment bulk:
no influence of aerosol on cloud
multi-moment bulk,
1D-bin:
aerosol may influence cloud
no "memory" of drop nuclei
• available liquid water is split between
”virtual particles”
• each ”virtual particle” (aka
super-droplet) represents a multiplicity
of particles of the same properties
• particle-level formulation of source and
sink terms for each super-droplet

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised
}
}
PDE / Eulerian
in particle size
ODE / Lagrangian
in particle size

particle-based µ-physics vs. bulk, 2-moment, bin, 2D-bin
bulk 2 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t)
2-moment 4 × N x ×N y ×N z variables
q c (x,y,z;t), N c (x,y,z;t), q r (x,y,z;t), N r (x,y,z;t)
bin N bins × N x ×N y ×N z variables
N(x,y,z,r w ;t) N 0
, N 1
, N 2
, . . .
... still no tracking of information on nuclei size (r d )
2D-bin N d bins ×Nw bins × N x×N y ×N z vars (Lebo & Seinfeld 2011)
N(x,y,z,r w ,r d ;t) N 0,0
, N 0,1
, ..., N 1,0
, N 1,1
...
... next aerosol attribute one more dimension!
particle N particles × N attributes vars
• scales better with N attributes (e.g. aerosol chemistry)
• N particles huge but ODEs cheaper to solve than PDEs
• ”compact” particle-level formulation
aerosol processes ”resolved”, not parameterised
}
}
PDE / Eulerian
in particle size
ODE / Lagrangian
in particle size

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...
N
r

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...
N
N 1 , r 1
N 1 , r 1
r

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...
N
N 1 , r 1
N 1 , r 1
N 2 , r 2
N 2 , r 2
r

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...
N 1 , r 1
N 1 , r 1
N 2 , r 2
N 2 , r 2
N 3 , r 3
N 3 , r 3
N
r

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...
N
r

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...
N
initial condition
r

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• ...
microphysical
state
N
r

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• dry radius
• kappa
• ...

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius
• concentration
• dry radius
• kappa
• ...
Allows to solve Maxwell-Mason equation of condensational growth
for each modeled particle.
• κ-Koehler parametrisation of higroscopity
(Petters & Kreidenweis, 2007)
• feedback to temperature and humidity field
Allows to track dry radius changes throughout the simulation time.

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius, concentration
• dry radius, kappa
• location in space
• ...

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius, concentration
• dry radius, kappa
• location in space
• ...
Collisions - Monte-Carlo coalescence scheme (Shima et al. 2009)
• for all n super-droplets in a grid box of volume ∆V in
timestep ∆t
• [n/2] random non-overlapping pairs examined instead of all
pairs (cost: O ( n 2) O ( n ) )
• extensive parameters summed ( conserved), intensive
averaged
Allows to apply sedimentation parametrisation to each particle
(Khvorostyanov & Curry, 2002)

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius, concentration
• dry radius, kappa
• location in space
• ...
Collisions - Monte-Carlo coalescence scheme (Shima et al. 2009)
• for all n super-droplets in a grid box of volume ∆V in
timestep ∆t
• [n/2] random non-overlapping pairs examined instead of all
pairs (cost: O ( n 2) O ( n ) )
• extensive parameters summed ( conserved), intensive
averaged
Allows to apply sedimentation parametrisation to each particle
(Khvorostyanov & Curry, 2002)

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius, concentration
• dry radius, kappa
• location in space
• chemical composition
• ...

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius, concentration
• dry radius, kappa
• location in space
• chemical composition
• ...
”Virtual droplet” chemical compounds:
• SO 2 , O 3 , H 2 O 2 - dissolved into droplets - Henry’s law
• HSO 3 − , SO 3 2− - dissociated inside droplets
• HSO 4 − , SO 4 2− - products of oxidation
Allows to model aqueous chemical reactions occurring inside cloud
droplets. (minimal setup for Hoppel gap simulations)
Work in progress - link chemical composition with kappa and dry
radius.

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius, concentration
• dry radius, kappa
• location in space
• chemical composition
• ...
”Virtual droplet” chemical compounds:
• SO 2 , O 3 , H 2 O 2 - dissolved into droplets - Henry’s law
• HSO 3 − , SO 3 2− - dissociated inside droplets
• HSO 4 − , SO 4 2− - products of oxidation
Allows to model aqueous chemical reactions occurring inside cloud
droplets. (minimal setup for Hoppel gap simulations)
Work in progress - link chemical composition with kappa and dry
radius.

model description: ”virtual droplets”
attributes carried by ”virtual droplets”:
• wet radius, concentration
• dry radius, kappa
• location in space
• chemical composition
• ...
”Virtual droplet” chemical compounds:
• SO 2 , O 3 , H 2 O 2 - dissolved into droplets - Henry’s law
• HSO 3 − , SO 3 2− - dissociated inside droplets
• HSO 4 − , SO 4 2− - products of oxidation
Allows to model aqueous chemical reactions occurring inside cloud
droplets. (minimal setup for Hoppel gap simulations)
Work in progress - link chemical composition with kappa and dry
radius.

model description: summary
Eulerian / PDE
Lagrangian / ODE
advection of heat
particle transport by the flow
advection of moisture
condensational growth
MPDATA advection scheme
collisional growth
(Smolarkiewicz 1983, . . . )
sedimentation
advection of trace gases in-particle aqueous chemistry
∂ t (ρ d r) + ∇(⃗vρ d r) = ρ d ṙ ṙ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
∂ t (ρ d θ) + ∇(⃗vρ d θ) = ρ d ˙θ ˙θ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
. . .
. . .
• recent examples in context of precipitating clouds:
• Shima et al. 2009, QJ
• Andrejczuk et al. 2010, JGR
• Riechelmann et al. 2012, NJP

model description: summary
Eulerian / PDE
Lagrangian / ODE
advection of heat
particle transport by the flow
advection of moisture
condensational growth
MPDATA advection scheme
collisional growth
(Smolarkiewicz 1983, . . . )
sedimentation
advection of trace gases in-particle aqueous chemistry
∂ t (ρ d r) + ∇(⃗vρ d r) = ρ d ṙ ṙ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
∂ t (ρ d θ) + ∇(⃗vρ d θ) = ρ d ˙θ ˙θ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
. . .
. . .
• recent examples in context of precipitating clouds:
• Shima et al. 2009, QJ
• Andrejczuk et al. 2010, JGR
• Riechelmann et al. 2012, NJP

model description: summary
Eulerian / PDE
Lagrangian / ODE
advection of heat
particle transport by the flow
advection of moisture
condensational growth
MPDATA advection scheme
collisional growth
(Smolarkiewicz 1983, . . . )
sedimentation
advection of trace gases in-particle aqueous chemistry
∂ t (ρ d r) + ∇(⃗vρ d r) = ρ d ṙ ṙ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
∂ t (ρ d θ) + ∇(⃗vρ d θ) = ρ d ˙θ ˙θ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
. . .
. . .
• recent examples in context of precipitating clouds:
• Shima et al. 2009, QJ
• Andrejczuk et al. 2010, JGR
• Riechelmann et al. 2012, NJP

model description: summary
Eulerian / PDE
Lagrangian / ODE
advection of heat
particle transport by the flow
advection of moisture
condensational growth
MPDATA advection scheme
collisional growth
(Smolarkiewicz 1983, . . . )
sedimentation
advection of trace gases in-particle aqueous chemistry
∂ t (ρ d r) + ∇(⃗vρ d r) = ρ d ṙ ṙ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
∂ t (ρ d θ) + ∇(⃗vρ d θ) = ρ d ˙θ ˙θ =
∑
particles ∈ ∆V
. . .
. . .
• recent examples in context of precipitating clouds:
• Shima et al. 2009, QJ
• Andrejczuk et al. 2010, JGR
• Riechelmann et al. 2012, NJP

example: application to 2D prescribed-flow simulations
a kinematic model:
• assumed dry air density profile
• prescribed velocity field (steady state)
• µ-physics decoupled from flow dynamics!
• simple, robust, computationally cheap
• free from numerical/dynamical subtleties
• naïve yet useful:
• development and testing of cloud µ-physics models a ,
hypothesis testing for cloud processes b
• studying of aerosol processing by clouds (ongoing work)
• development aid for remote sensing retrieval algorithms
a Morrison & Grabowski 2007, JAS
b Rasinski, Pawlowska & Grabowski 2011, Atmos. Res.

example: application to 2D prescribed-flow simulations
a kinematic model:
• assumed dry air density profile
• prescribed velocity field (steady state)
• µ-physics decoupled from flow dynamics!
• simple, robust, computationally cheap
• free from numerical/dynamical subtleties
• naïve yet useful:
• development and testing of cloud µ-physics models a ,
hypothesis testing for cloud processes b
• studying of aerosol processing by clouds (ongoing work)
• development aid for remote sensing retrieval algorithms
a Morrison & Grabowski 2007, JAS
b Rasinski, Pawlowska & Grabowski 2011, Atmos. Res.

example: application to 2D prescribed-flow simulations
a kinematic model:
• assumed dry air density profile
• prescribed velocity field (steady state)
• µ-physics decoupled from flow dynamics!
• simple, robust, computationally cheap
• free from numerical/dynamical subtleties
• naïve yet useful:
• development and testing of cloud µ-physics models a ,
hypothesis testing for cloud processes b
• studying of aerosol processing by clouds (ongoing work)
• development aid for remote sensing retrieval algorithms
a Morrison & Grabowski 2007, JAS
b Rasinski, Pawlowska & Grabowski 2011, Atmos. Res.

example: application to 2D prescribed-flow simulations
a kinematic model:
• assumed dry air density profile
• prescribed velocity field (steady state)
• µ-physics decoupled from flow dynamics!
• simple, robust, computationally cheap
• free from numerical/dynamical subtleties
• naïve yet useful:
• development and testing of cloud µ-physics models a ,
hypothesis testing for cloud processes b
• studying of aerosol processing by clouds (ongoing work)
• development aid for remote sensing retrieval algorithms
a Morrison & Grabowski 2007, JAS
b Rasinski, Pawlowska & Grabowski 2011, Atmos. Res.

example: application to 2D prescribed-flow simulations
a kinematic model:
• assumed dry air density profile
• prescribed velocity field (steady state)
• µ-physics decoupled from flow dynamics!
• simple, robust, computationally cheap
• free from numerical/dynamical subtleties
• naïve yet useful:
• development and testing of cloud µ-physics models a ,
hypothesis testing for cloud processes b
• studying of aerosol processing by clouds (ongoing work)
• development aid for remote sensing retrieval algorithms
a Morrison & Grabowski 2007, JAS
b Rasinski, Pawlowska & Grabowski 2011, Atmos. Res.

t = 60 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 120 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 180 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 240 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 300 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 360 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 420 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 480 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 540 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 600 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 660 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 720 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 780 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 840 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 900 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 960 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1020 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1080 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1140 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1200 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1260 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1320 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1380 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1440 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1500 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1560 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1620 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1680 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1740 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1800 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1860 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1920 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 1980 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2040 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2100 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2160 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2220 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2280 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2340 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2400 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2460 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2520 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2580 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2640 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2700 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2760 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2820 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2880 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 2940 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

t = 3000 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

100
x/dx=15+/-1 y/dy=15+/-1 t/dt=50
particle concentration (per bin) [1/cm 3 ]
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
particle wet radius [µm]

t = 3000 s
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
mean particle concentration [1/cm 3 ]
0
0.005 0.04 0.32 2.56 20.5 164
particle (wet) radius [µm]
100
10
1
Y [km]
1.5
1
0.5
0
super-droplet conc. [1/dx/dy/dz]
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
500
400
300
200
100
0
Y [km]
effective radius [µm] (FSSP range, N>10/cm 3 )
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
X [km]
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.5
r

100
x/dx=15+/-1 y/dy=30+/-1 t/dt=50
particle concentration (per bin) [1/cm 3 ]
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
particle wet radius [µm]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

water vapour mixing ratio [g/kg]
potential temperature [K]
effective radius [µm]
1.4
8
1.4
293
1.4
30
1.2
7.5
1.2
292
1.2
25
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
7
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
291
290
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
20
15
0.4
0.2
6.5
0.4
0.2
289
0.4
0.2
10
5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
6
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
288
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]
mean SO 2 mass in the droplet
mean HSO 3 mass in the droplet
mean S(VI) mass in the droplet
1.4
1e-22
1.4
1e-18
1.4
5e-19
1.2
8e-23
1.2
8e-19
1.2
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-23
4e-23
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
6e-19
4e-19
Y [km]
1
0.8
0.6
3e-19
2e-19
0.4
0.2
2e-23
0.4
0.2
2e-19
0.4
0.2
1e-19
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
X [km]
X [km]
X [km]

icicle
• open-source project, code repository: http://icicle.igf.fuw.edu.pl/
• implementation: Object-Oriented C++
• Blitz++ library for high-performance array handling
• nVidia’s Thrust (GPU-ready!) implementation of super-droplets
• documentation will be available along with the code
• model development funded by the Polish National Science Center
(project no. 2011/01/N/ST10/01483)

icicle
• open-source project, code repository: http://icicle.igf.fuw.edu.pl/
• implementation: Object-Oriented C++
• Blitz++ library for high-performance array handling
• nVidia’s Thrust (GPU-ready!) implementation of super-droplets
• documentation will be available along with the code
• model development funded by the Polish National Science Center
(project no. 2011/01/N/ST10/01483)

icicle
• open-source project, code repository: http://icicle.igf.fuw.edu.pl/
• implementation: Object-Oriented C++
• Blitz++ library for high-performance array handling
• nVidia’s Thrust (GPU-ready!) implementation of super-droplets
• documentation will be available along with the code
• model development funded by the Polish National Science Center
(project no. 2011/01/N/ST10/01483)

icicle
• open-source project, code repository: http://icicle.igf.fuw.edu.pl/
• implementation: Object-Oriented C++
• Blitz++ library for high-performance array handling
• nVidia’s Thrust (GPU-ready!) implementation of super-droplets
• documentation will be available along with the code
• model development funded by the Polish National Science Center
(project no. 2011/01/N/ST10/01483)

icicle
• open-source project, code repository: http://icicle.igf.fuw.edu.pl/
• implementation: Object-Oriented C++
• Blitz++ library for high-performance array handling
• nVidia’s Thrust (GPU-ready!) implementation of super-droplets
• documentation will be available along with the code
• model development funded by the Polish National Science Center
(project no. 2011/01/N/ST10/01483)

icicle
• open-source project, code repository: http://icicle.igf.fuw.edu.pl/
• implementation: Object-Oriented C++
• Blitz++ library for high-performance array handling
• nVidia’s Thrust (GPU-ready!) implementation of super-droplets
• documentation will be available along with the code
• model development funded by the Polish National Science Center
(project no. 2011/01/N/ST10/01483)

icicle
• open-source project, code repository: http://icicle.igf.fuw.edu.pl/
• implementation: Object-Oriented C++
• Blitz++ library for high-performance array handling
• nVidia’s Thrust (GPU-ready!) implementation of super-droplets
• documentation will be available along with the code
• model development funded by the Polish National Science Center
(project no. 2011/01/N/ST10/01483)

Thanks for your attention!