Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
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Case Name (<strong>Court</strong>)<br />
(Judge)<br />
Location/Method <strong>of</strong> Search Relevant Statutes Issues/Holdings<br />
- (1) whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> search violates s. 8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>C<strong>Chart</strong>er? - Y/N<br />
- (2) whe<strong>the</strong>r to exclude evidence by s. 24(2)? – Y/N<br />
Reasoning<br />
- (1) relevant to s.8 + CASES (Kokesch, Plant, Hunter, Tessling, Edwards)<br />
- (2) relevant to 24(2) + CASES (Collins)<br />
L’Heureux-Dubé,<br />
Gonthier,<br />
Iacobucci, Major,<br />
Bastarache, Binnie,<br />
and Arbour JJ. (con.)<br />
Surveillance<br />
Wiretap/<br />
Procedural Fairness<br />
R. v. Caslake<br />
[1998] 1 S.C.R. 51,<br />
Lamer J with Cory,<br />
McLachlin and<br />
Major (con);<br />
Bastarache,<br />
L’Heureux-Dubé<br />
and Gonthier JJ.<br />
(dis)<br />
had been ga<strong>the</strong>red through<br />
wiretapping.<br />
- An <strong>of</strong>ficer admitted that<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> affidavit did not<br />
correctly identify one <strong>of</strong> his<br />
sources. The <strong>of</strong>ficer also<br />
admitted that he had known<br />
about this error for several<br />
weeks before <strong>the</strong> trial but<br />
didn’t confess to <strong>the</strong> mistake.<br />
- After arresting a suspect for<br />
possession <strong>of</strong> illegal narcotics,<br />
an <strong>of</strong>ficer conducted a<br />
warrantless search <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
accused’s car and found more<br />
drugs.<br />
- NOTE - In a lot <strong>of</strong> cases where <strong>the</strong>re was a<br />
problem with <strong>the</strong> application for <strong>the</strong> wiretap<br />
authorization it seems as though <strong>the</strong> courts<br />
are finding in favour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state because <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> negative social impact <strong>of</strong> finding for <strong>the</strong><br />
accused –<br />
- <strong>Chart</strong>er, ss. 8, 24(2). - (1) Was <strong>the</strong> search <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> suspect’s car in<br />
violation <strong>of</strong> s.8?<br />
• YES<br />
- (2) Should <strong>the</strong> evidence be excluded under s<br />
24(2)?<br />
• NO<br />
reliable, reasonably believable evidence upon which an authorization could be<br />
based.<br />
- Although <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficer had not disclosed a minor drafting mistake, <strong>the</strong> substance <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> information in <strong>the</strong> affidavit was not untruthful.<br />
-The application was allowed – <strong>the</strong> error wasn’t a violation <strong>of</strong> s. 8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Chart</strong>er<br />
- Ref. to Hunter (for <strong>the</strong>re to be a search/seizure <strong>the</strong>re must be reasonable grounds<br />
to believe that an <strong>of</strong>fence has been committed)<br />
- Ref. to Plant (misstatements do not affect <strong>the</strong> validity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> warrant)<br />
- (1) Unwarranted searches are presumed unreasonable and <strong>the</strong> Crown failed to<br />
justify <strong>the</strong> search.<br />
- (2) The evidence was not excluded as <strong>the</strong> breach was minor and excluding <strong>the</strong><br />
evidence would put justice into disrepute.<br />
- Ref. to Hunter (starting point <strong>of</strong> s. 8 analysis; purpose <strong>of</strong> s.8 and what it protects)<br />
Property Search –<br />
Vehicle<br />
(warrantless)<br />
Schreiber v. <strong>Canada</strong><br />
(Attorney General)<br />
[1998] 1 S.C.R. 841<br />
L'Heureux-Dubé J,<br />
with McLachlin,<br />
Bastarache, Binnie and<br />
Lamer JJ. (con);<br />
Iacobucci and<br />
Gonthier JJ. (dis).<br />
- Without judicial<br />
authorization, <strong>the</strong> Crown<br />
requested information from <strong>the</strong><br />
Swiss government about <strong>the</strong><br />
accused’s Swiss bank account.<br />
- <strong>Chart</strong>er, ss. 7, 8, 24(1),<br />
32(1).<br />
- (1) Did <strong>the</strong> Crown’s request to <strong>the</strong> Swiss<br />
government for information about an account<br />
held in that country violate <strong>the</strong> accused’s s.8<br />
rights?<br />
• NO<br />
- (1) Requesting information didn’t violate <strong>the</strong> <strong>Chart</strong>er<br />
- Swiss government actions are not <strong>Chart</strong>er actionable<br />
- Lamer (con): A search carried out in a foreign country under foreign laws doesn’t<br />
violate <strong>the</strong> reasonable expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy; <strong>the</strong>re was no evidence that <strong>the</strong> seizure<br />
was illegal under Swiss law.<br />
- Ref. to Plant (balancing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> societal interests in protecting individual dignity,<br />
integrity and autonomy against <strong>the</strong> need for effective law enforcement)<br />
- Ref. to Edwards (totality <strong>of</strong> circumstances)<br />
- Ref. to Hunter (s. 8 protects <strong>the</strong> reasonable expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy)<br />
Warrantless request<br />
by Crown for<br />
Personal Info about<br />
foreign bank<br />
accounts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
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