Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
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Case Name (<strong>Court</strong>)<br />
(Judge)<br />
Location/Method <strong>of</strong> Search Relevant Statutes Issues/Holdings<br />
- (1) whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> search violates s. 8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>C<strong>Chart</strong>er? - Y/N<br />
- (2) whe<strong>the</strong>r to exclude evidence by s. 24(2)? – Y/N<br />
Reasoning<br />
- (1) relevant to s.8 + CASES (Kokesch, Plant, Hunter, Tessling, Edwards)<br />
- (2) relevant to 24(2) + CASES (Collins)<br />
R. v. North<br />
2002 ABCA 134<br />
McMeekin J.A.;<br />
Lewis and Nation<br />
JJ.A. (con).<br />
*Final Level<br />
<strong>Identity</strong>/Search <strong>of</strong><br />
Person - DNA<br />
Sample<br />
R. v. Daley<br />
2001 ABCA 155<br />
McClung J.A.;<br />
Sulatycky and<br />
Fruman JJ.A. (con)<br />
*Final Level<br />
<strong>Identity</strong>/search <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
person (body search)<br />
- The accused was charged<br />
with possession <strong>of</strong> child<br />
pornography.<br />
-The trial judge didn’t require<br />
him to provide a DNA<br />
sample.<br />
- The accused bought a plane<br />
ticket with cash and was<br />
stopped at <strong>the</strong> airport <strong>the</strong> next<br />
day.<br />
- A warrantless search <strong>of</strong> his<br />
suitcase was conducted.<br />
- Large amounts <strong>of</strong> cash and<br />
traces <strong>of</strong> cocaine were found.<br />
- Criminal Code, ss.<br />
163(1), 163.1, 163.1(4),<br />
487.051, 487.051(1)(a),<br />
487.051(3), 487.052,<br />
487.052(2), 487.054,<br />
487.06(1), 487.06(2), 673,<br />
718, 718.1, 718.2,<br />
742.3(1);<br />
- DNA Identification Act,<br />
ss. 3, 4.<br />
- <strong>Chart</strong>er, ss. 8, 11, 11(d),<br />
24(2).<br />
- Criminal Code, s. 490,<br />
490(1), 490(6), 490(9),<br />
490(9.1);<br />
- Narcotic Control Act, s.<br />
10(1)(c).<br />
• NO<br />
- (1) Did taking A DNA sample in this case<br />
violate <strong>the</strong> accused’s reasonable expectation<br />
<strong>of</strong> privacy?<br />
• NO<br />
- (1) By detaining Daley and searching him<br />
without reasonable grounds or a warrant, did<br />
<strong>the</strong> police violate his rights under section 8<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Chart</strong>er?<br />
• YES<br />
- (2) Should <strong>the</strong> evidence be excluded?<br />
• NO<br />
person asserting <strong>the</strong> right on a balance <strong>of</strong> probabilities)<br />
- Ref. to Hunter (warrantless searches are presumed to be unreasonable)<br />
- (1) No evidence was submitted that indicated taking a DNA sample would have an<br />
unusual or particular effect on <strong>the</strong> accused.<br />
• The impact on his privacy and security <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person interests did not reach beyond<br />
<strong>the</strong> general effects associated with <strong>the</strong> order.<br />
• A person’s reasonable expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy is lower after being convicted and<br />
serving a sentence.<br />
- Ref. to Murrins (regarding when a DNA sample is constitutionally required)<br />
- (1) There is a low reasonable expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy with respect to <strong>the</strong> contents <strong>of</strong><br />
one’s suitcase in an airport.<br />
• Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> accused opened his suitcase to allow <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers to<br />
look shows that he consented to <strong>the</strong> search fur<strong>the</strong>r lessened <strong>the</strong> seriousness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s.<br />
8 violation.<br />
- (2) Excluding <strong>the</strong> evidence would bring <strong>the</strong> administration <strong>of</strong> justice into greater<br />
disrepute than admitting it given <strong>the</strong> overwhelming evidence that Daley's possession <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> $16,000 in cash was unlawful.<br />
• The effect <strong>of</strong> exclusion would be to restore <strong>the</strong> proceeds <strong>of</strong> crime to Daley.<br />
R. v. Weir<br />
[2001] A.J. No. 869<br />
Russell J.A.;<br />
Berger. and<br />
Costigan JJ.A. (con).<br />
* Final Level -<br />
Leave to appeal<br />
dismissed at SCC<br />
Surveillance<br />
Webtapping case<br />
-The accused was convicted<br />
<strong>of</strong> possession <strong>of</strong> child<br />
pornography.<br />
- During a routine repair <strong>of</strong><br />
Weir's electronic mailbox, his<br />
ISP discovered attachments<br />
to an e-mail message that<br />
appeared to contain child<br />
pornography.<br />
- The ISP opened <strong>the</strong><br />
attachments and found that<br />
<strong>the</strong>y did.<br />
- The ISP notified police,<br />
who obtained a search<br />
warrant for Weir's residence<br />
- <strong>Chart</strong>er, ss. 8, 24(2);<br />
- Criminal Code, s. 163.1,<br />
163.1(1)(a), 163.1(4).<br />
- (1) Did <strong>the</strong> search and seizure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
computer and <strong>the</strong> disks, based on<br />
information given to <strong>the</strong> police by <strong>the</strong> ISP,<br />
violate s. 8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Chart</strong>er?<br />
• NO<br />
- Ref. to Collins and Stillman<br />
- (1) The ISP was not an agent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state until it forwarded a copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> message to<br />
<strong>the</strong> police at <strong>the</strong> request <strong>of</strong> a police <strong>of</strong>ficer, after which it DID become an agent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
state.<br />
• The information obtained from <strong>the</strong> search was not necessary in order to have<br />
reasonable and probable grounds to obtain <strong>the</strong> subsequent search warrant: <strong>the</strong><br />
information provided by <strong>the</strong> ISP employees was sufficient<br />
- Ref. to Hunter (purpose <strong>of</strong> s. 8).<br />
- Ref to Kokesch (police must act in good faith; boundaries <strong>of</strong> a perimeter search <strong>of</strong><br />
home)<br />
22